Hekla 3 eruption
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Hekla 3 eruption, dated to 1159 BC, is considered the most severe eruption of Hekla during the Holocene.[1] It may have triggered an eighteen-year span of climate worsening that is recorded in Irish bog oaks.[2][3] The eruption is detectable through Greenland ice-cores, the bristlecone pine sequence, and the Irish oak sequence of extremely narrow growth rings.[4] In 2000 skepticism concerning conclusions about connecting Hekla 3 and Hekla 4 eruptions with paleoenvironmental events and archaeologically attested abandonment of settlement sites in northern Scotland was expressed by John P. Grattan and David D. Gilbertson.[5].
In Sutherland, northwest Scotland, a spurt of four years of doubled annual luminescent growth banding of calcite in a stalagmite, otherwise unaccountable, coincided with the eruption.[6]
[edit] References
- ^ Eiríksson, Jón; et al. (2000). "Chronology of late Holocene climatic events in the northern North Atlantic based on AMS 14C dates and tephra markers from the volcano Hekla, Iceland". Journal of Quaternary Science 15 (6): 573-580.
- ^ Baillie, Mike (1989). "Hekla 3: how big was it?". Endeavour. New series 13: 78-81.
- ^ Baillie, Mike (1989). "Do Irish bog oaks date the Shang dynasty?". Current archaeology 10: 310-313.
- ^ Baker, Andy; et al. (1995). "The Hekla 3 volcanic eruption recorded in a Scottish speleothem?". The Holocene 5 (3): 336-342. doi:.
- ^ Grattan and Gilbertson, "Prehistoric 'settlement crisis', environmental changes in the British Isles, and volcanic eruptions in Iceland: An explorarion of plausible linkages", in Volcanic Hazards and Disasters in Human Antiquity, Floyd W. McCoy, Grant Heiken, eds. (Geologic Society of America: Special Paper 345) 2000:
- ^ Dated by uranium-thorium thermal ionization mass spectrometry to 1135 ± 130 BC in Andy Baker, Peter l. Smart, W.L. Barnes, R. Lawrence Edwards, "The Hekla 3 volcanic eruption recorded in a Scottish speleothem?" The Holocene 5.3 (1995:336-342).
