Health in Afghanistan
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Beginning in 1979, military conflict destroyed the health system of Afghanistan. Most medical professionals left the country in the 1980s and 1990s, and all medical training programs ceased.[1] In 2004 Afghanistan had one medical facility for every 27,000 people, and some centers were responsible for as many as 300,000 people.[1] In 2004 international organizations provided a large share of medical care.[1] An estimated one-quarter of the population had no access to health care.[1] In 2003 there were 11 physicians and 18 nurses per 100,000 population, and the per capita health expenditure was US$28.[1]
At the same time, the physical and psychological effects of war have substantially increased the need for medical care.[1] Infant, child, and maternal mortality rates are among the highest in the world.[1] In rural areas, one in five children dies before reaching age five.[1] Because of poor sanitation and insufficient potable water supply, infectious and parasitic diseases such as malaria and diarrhea are very common.[1] Malnutrition and poor nutrition also are pervasive.[1] The drought of 1999–2002 exacerbated these conditions.[1] An estimated 800,000 Afghans are disabled.[1] No statistics are available on the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).[1] However, in 2006 the United Nations Development Programme estimated that an HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic could occur in Afghanistan because of the high incidence of intravenous drug use, unsafe blood transfusion procedures, large numbers of refugees, poor health facilities, and illiteracy.[1] In 2006 the government estimated that 200 to 300 citizens were currently infected.[1] Despite large-scale international assistance, in 2004 the World Health Organization did not expect Afghanistan’s health indicators to improve substantially for at least a decade.[1]
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Afghanistan country profile. Library of Congress Federal Research Division (May 2006). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
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