Health care in Israel
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Health care in Israel consists from a relatively small number of organizations which operate Health services, and mainly the public Health care system which is based on financial taxation and governmental budgeting.
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[edit] General
The Health care system in Israel is reputed as one of the most advanced in the world, and has many achievements in the fields of the medicine and the medical study, health of the public and accessibility of the public to the health services.
The public health care system in Israel was built on the basis of the health system which was active in Israel during the British Mandate, before the founding of the state of Israel. The health insurances system in Israel is mainly based on the activity of the Health maintenance organizations (קופות החולים) which were mostly set up by the labor unions, even before the founding of the state. The Health maintenance organizations were members based organizations with the goal of providing medical insurance, on the basis of reciprocal guarantee among the members of the fund, and the way in which they acted affected the war in which the Health care system in Israel is today. The members paid member-taxes to the funds, and received in return health services by the means of arrangements which were determined in the regulations of every Health maintenance organization fund.
In 1973 a special law was made in Israel which forced all the employers in Israel to participate in the medical insurance of their workers, by a direct payment to the Health maintenance organization fund in which the workers were members. The duty of participation was eventually changed and diminished as part of the arrangements law (חוק הסדרים במשק המדינה) of 1991.
In 1988 The government appointed a Royal Commission to testing the functioning and efficiency of the health care system in Israel. The commission handed in the final report in 1990. The main recommendation of this report was to enact a Health insurance law in Israel.
[edit] Health insurance law in Israel
In 1995 the National Health Insurance Law enters into effect, which made the health insurance in Israel a manditory insurance in which every resident in the country had to be insured in one of the existing four Health maintenance organizations funds which existed, according to his choice. The law determined a uniform benefits package (סל בריאות) - a list of medical services and medicines which every one of the funds must provide to the members by the firm terms of the law. Additionally, certain services are provided directly by the state, usually by means of the Health Ministry. The law regulated the financing of the funds by means of a progressive health tax, which tolled by the Israeli social security organization, which transfers later on the amounts which are tolled to the different Health maintenance organizations according to a certain formula which takes in account the data of the exact number of members in each fund, the distribution of ages of the members and additional indexes. Additionally, the Health maintenance organizations receive financing from the state's budget.
Before the legislation of the law, the only Health maintenance organization which accepted any members without discrimination of the potential members age or medical situation was the Clalit HMO which was then in the ownership of the Histadrut. The law determined that every resident in Israel would be eligible to transfer between the available funds one time each year, and that the HMOs are not entitled refusing to accept members.
The law determined inspection and control mechanisms of the HMO funds, also from the medical aspects and also from the financial aspects.
In addition to the uniform benefits package set by law, every HMO fund provide their members the option to acquire a "Complete insurance" (ביטוח משלים), which is an Health insurance which includes benefits which are not included in the uniform benefits package set by law.
[edit] Health system in the communities
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The health system in the communities was mainly intended to provide routine medical services to the wide population, through services of preventive medicine, treatment of the fluent problems through the clinics and institutes, rehabilitation in a community environment, and different actions to the advancement of health, such as the family planning, fitness, right nutrition and healthy lifestyle.
The health system in the communities is mainly intended to bring the medical services to the environment of patiense and to prevent, as much as possible, the need for hospitalization of the patience in the hospital.
[edit] Hospitals
A great number of hospitals exist in Israel, which are spread out throughout the country, from Safed in the north and until Eilat in the south. According to the population dissemination in Israel, the majority of the hospitals are located in the center of the country. Part of the hospitals are general, i.e. destined to handle a variety of treatments to a variety of medical situations, and other and destined to give treatment to a certain type of medical situations.
[edit] General Hospitals
The biggest general hospitals in Israel belong to the state (and are operated by the Health Ministry) and to the Clalit HMO.
The general governmental hospitals are:
- Sheba Medical Center - located at Tel HaShomer.
- Tel Aviv Medical Center - located at Tel Aviv.
- Edith Wolfson Medical Center - located at Holon.
- Hillel Yaffe Medical Center - located at Hadera.
- Rambam Hospital - located at Haifa.
- Bnei Zion Medical Center - located at Haifa.
- Western Galilee Hospital - located at Nahariya.
- Rivka Ziv Hospital - located at Safed.
- Poriya Hospital - located at Tiberias.
- Barzilai Medical Center - located at Ashkelon.
- Assaf HaRofe Hospital - located at Be'er Ya'aqov.
The general hospitals in the ownership of the Clalit HMO are:
- Carmel Hospital - located at Haifa.
- HaEmek Medical Center - located at Afula.
- Sapir Medical Center - located at Kfar Saba.
- Rabin Medical Center - located at Petah Tikva.
- Kaplan Medical Center - located at Rehovot.
- Soroka Medical Center - located at Beersheba.
- Yoseftal Medical Center - located at Eilat.
Other large general hospitals in Israel:
- Hadassah Medical Center - located at Jerusalem.
- Sha'arei Tzedek Medical Center - located at Jerusalem.
- Bikur Cholim Hospital - located at Jerusalem.
- Laniado Hospital - located at Netanya.
- Herzliya Medical Centers - located at Herzliya.
- Asutta Hospital - located at Tel Aviv.
- Italian Hospital - located at Haifa.
[edit] See also
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