Headless Mule

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

 This article needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2007)

The Headless Mule (Portuguese Mula sem Cabeça) is a character of the Brazilian folklore. In most tales, it is the ghost of a woman that has been cursed by God for her sins (often said to be as concubinate or fornication with a priest) and condemned to turn into a fire-spewing headless mule, galloping through the countryside from Thursday's sundown to Friday's sunrise. The myth has several variations concerning the sin that turned the cursed woman into the monster: necrophagy, infanticide, sacrilege against the church, fornication, etc.

Contents

[edit] Origins and Occurrence

The myth is believed to have a mediaeval Portuguese origin, and to have been brought to Brazil in the early colonial era (16th century or later).

The tale is most popular in the states of Goiás, Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso, but is well-known throughout the country. Similar myths occur in the surrounding Hispanic countries.

[edit] Appearance

The Mule's appearance varies greatly from region to region. Its color is most commonly given as brown, sometimes as black with a white cross on its chest. It has silver (or iron) horseshoes that produce a hideous trotting, louder than any horse is capable of producing.

Despite being headless, the Mule still neighs (usually very loud), and sometimes it moans like a crying woman. It also has a bridle tied to its non-existing mouth, and spews fire through its non-existing nostrils (or, in some versions, from its severed neck).

[edit] The curse

According to most reports, the Mule is condemned to gallop over the territory of seven parishes each night (just as the Brazilian version of the werewolf). By some accounts, its trip begins and ends at the parish where the sin was committed. Transformation usually occurs at a crossroads.

Depending on the source the headless mule may have placeholder head and mane, made of the fire it spews, to which a red-hot iron bridle is tied.

Transformation can be reversed temporarily by spilling the mule's blood with the prick of a needle or by tying her to a cross. In the first case, transformation will be prevented while the benefactor is alive and lives in the same parish in which his feat was accomplished. In the second case the woman will remain in human form until the sun dawns, but will transform again the next time.

A more stable removal of the curse can be achieved by removing the bridle, in which case the woman will not shape shift again while the benefactor is alive. Tying the bridle back to the woman's mouth will return the curse.

Removal of the curse is a great relief for the woman because the curse includes many trials, so the grateful woman will usually repent her sins and marry the benefactor.

Other methods for the removal of the curse are more violent. According to some tales, to get permanently rid of the Headless Mule, one has to kill the animal or excommunicate the woman (or both, in either order). However, the excommunication will be effective only if carried on before the woman's second transformation. Some claim that the mule will stop appearing once the sinning priest dies; others say that the Mule will follow him if he moves to another parish.

In any case, when the mule changes back to human form the accursed woman will be completely naked, sweated, and smelling of sulfur.

A person who encounters the mule should not cross its path, or the mule will follow the offender and trample him down. Instead, one should either be brave enough to remove the bridle or spill its blood, or else just lay face down on the ground, covering teeth and nails (as well as anything that shines) and the mule will hopefully fail to notice the stranger's presence and trot away (because it does not have good sight).

[edit] The Headless Horseman

There is a similar folk tale where the curse fell on the sinning priest, rather than on his lover. In that story, the priest's headless ghost rides through the night in a normal horse, much like the Headless Horseman in Washington Irving's story The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. Indeed, this variant of the myth may well be just a modern import of that 19th century tale.

[edit] Anthropological explanation

The Headless Mule may be a personification of the latent paganism of some popular practices echoing in the collective conscience of a people massively indoctrinated with a simplistic view of Catholicism. It showcases the wild instincts and repressed behaviours that are unacceptable in a Judeo-Christian society. There may be some connection between the Brazilian Headless Mules and the witches which the Church burnt wholesale in Western Europe.

Being personified as an animal implies a negative view of the character, which embodies the deepest forces that are part of the human consciousness, namely the libido, whose sexual aspect is traditionally associated with the horse, a symbol of sexual potency and brutal feats.

The absence of a head may be a metaphor for the lack of reason, or evidence that the curse involved the perdition of the soul. In either case, without the head to give direction, the body is left under the power of violent passions, immediate impulses and selfish desires.

The most frequent cause for the curse is a woman's unchristian love for a priest, a vicar of Christ on Earth. This association shows the lengths the Church went to indoctrinate people (both priests and women) about the importance of celibacy, including a fierce rejection of anything female.

[edit] References

[edit] External links