Hazcam

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Hazcam is also the trade name of a self contained camera, transmitter and battery pack designed for use around hazardous materials and produced by Pragmatic Communication Systems.

Hazcam images indicated to NASA engineers that the Opportunity Rover was stuck in a sand dune.

Hazcams (short for Hazard Avoidance Cameras) are photographic cameras mounted on the front and rear of NASA's Spirit and Opportunity rover missions to Mars.

The Hazcams are sensitive to visible light and return black and white images of resolution 1024x1024 pixels. These images are used by the rovers' internal computer to autonomously navigate around hazards. Due to their positioning on both sides of the rovers, simultaneous images taken by either both front or both rear cameras can be used to produce a 3D map of the immediate surroundings. As the cameras are fixed (ie. can not move independently of the rover), they have a wide field of view (approximately 120° both horizontally and vertically) to allow a large amount of terrain to be visible.

They are considered engineering cameras since they were not designed to be used for scientific experiments. The other set of engineering cameras on the rovers are the Navcams.