Talk:Hawaiian sovereignty movement/Temp

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The Hawaiian sovereignty movement refers to the groups and organizations seeking to regain the sovereignty of the Hawaiian people that was lost when the Kingdom of Hawaii was overthrown in 1893. Sovereignty in this context, refers to the power of Native Hawaiians to exercise their inherent rights typically expressed through independent self-government.^[1]

According to Jon M. Van Dyke of the William S. Richardson School of Law, in a joint resolution passed in 1993, the United States Congress apologized to the Native Hawaiians for the 1893 overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom and the annexing of Hawaii in 1898. In resolution S.J.Res.19, which became United States Public Law No 103-150, the Congress of the U.S. called for a "reconciliation" between the U.S. and Native Hawaiians, admitting that U.S. support for the 1893 overthrow was "illegal" and a violation of "international law". Van Dyke describes the reconciliation process as ongoing, and says that it will necessitate the restoration of the sovereignty of Native Hawaiians and the return of land and resources.^[2]

Contents 1 History 1.1 Kingdom of Hawaii 1.2 Overthrow 1.3 Annexation 1.4 Statehood 2 Reconciliation and reparations 2.1 ALOHA Association 2.2 Native Hawaiians Study Commission 2.3 Office of Native Hawaiian Relations 2.4 Act 354 2.5 Apology Resolution 2.6 Akaka Bill 3 Office of Hawaiian Affairs 4 Initiatives 4.1 Movements 4.2 Draft Blueprint for Native Hawaiian Entitlements 4.3 Ka Lahui Hawaii 4.4 Institute for the Advancement of Hawaiian Affairs 4.5 Hawaiian sovereignty advisory council 4.6 Hawaiian sovereignty elections commission 5 Features 6 Models 6.1 Independent nation 6.2 Free association 6.3 Nation within a nation 6.4 State within a state 7 Notes 8 References 8.1 Primary sources 8.2 Secondary sources 9 Further reading

[edit] History

[edit] Kingdom of Hawaii

See also: Kingdom of Hawaii

[edit] Overthrow

[edit] Annexation

[edit] Statehood

[edit] Reconciliation and reparations

[edit] ALOHA Association

[edit] Native Hawaiians Study Commission

[edit] Office of Native Hawaiian Relations

[edit] Act 354

[edit] Apology Resolution

Main article: Apology Resolution

[edit] Akaka Bill

Main article: Akaka Bill

[edit] Office of Hawaiian Affairs

Main article: Office of Hawaiian Affairs

[edit] Initiatives

[edit] Movements

• Na 'Ohana o Hawai'i
• Hou Hawaiians
• State Council of Hawaiian homesteaders
• Ka Pakaukau
• Pro-Hawaiian Sovereignty Working Group
• Native Hawaiian Rights Conference

[edit] Draft Blueprint for Native Hawaiian Entitlements

[edit] Ka Lahui Hawaii

Ka Lahui Hawai'i was organized in 1987 and claims a membership of 20,000. The group believes that the nation within a nation model is the best way for "indigenous Hawaiians to negotiate with the US and enforce their rights".

[edit] Institute for the Advancement of Hawaiian Affairs

[edit] Hawaiian sovereignty advisory council

[edit] Hawaiian sovereignty elections commission

[edit] Features

• Land base: control and ownership of resources
• Right to determine citizenship
• Right to self-government

[edit] Models

[edit] Independent nation

See also: Independence

Return to pre-1893 independence. Hawaii would no longer be part of the U.S. and its people would be citizens of the nation of Hawaii, not U.S. Re-establishment of monarchy, like Tonga for example, is a possibility under this model. Other alternatives include part monarchy and representative government like Great Britain, or a U.S.-style representative democracy. Advantages: right to create treaties, determine citizenship, control immigration, issue passports, stamps, currency, army, management of land and resources, tax collection, courts, schools, police. Disadvantages: seceding from the U.S. would be difficult; economic and military insecurity due to isolated geographical location.^[1]

Poka Laenui (Hayden Burgess) is a proponent of this model.

[edit] Free association

See also: Associated state

[edit] Nation within a nation

Ka Lahui Hawaii supports this model.

[edit] State within a state

[edit] Notes

[edit] References

[edit] Primary sources

• “Joint Resolution to Acknowledge the 100th Anniversary of the January 17, 1893 Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii”, Pub.L. No.103-50, 107 Stat., 1510, Library of Congress, 1993, <http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d103:s.j.19:103>. Retrieved on 12 February 2008 .
• Act 359, Hawaii State Legislature, 1993 .
• Final Report, Hawaiian Sovereignty Election Council, 1996 .
• Twigg-Smith, Thurston (1998), Hawaiian Sovereignty: Do the Facts Matter?, Goodale Publishing, ISBN 0966294505, <http://hawaiimatters.com/book/HawnSov.pdf> .
• “From Mauka to Makai: The River of Justice Must Flow Freely”, Report on the Reconciliation Process Between the Federal Government and Native Hawaiians, United States Department of the Interior, 2000-10-23 (archived 2005-02-05), <http://web.archive.org/web/20050307000741/www.doi.gov/nativehawaiians/> .
• “Hawaii Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights”, Reconciliation at a Crossroads: The Implications of the Apology Resolution and Rice v. Cayetano for Federal and State Programs Benefiting Native Hawaiians. Summary Report of the August 1998 and September 2000 Community Forums in Honolulu, Hawaii, Honolulu, HI: United States Commission on Civil Rights, June 2001, <http://www.law.umaryland.edu/marshall/usccr/documents/reconccrossroadshawaii.pdf> 

[edit] Secondary sources

• MacKenzie, Melody Kapilialoha, ed. (1991), Native Hawaiian Rights Handbook, Honolulu, Hawaii: Native Hawaiian Legal Corporation; Office of Hawaiian Affairs; University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 082481374X .
• Menton, Linda K. & Tamura, Eileen H. (1999), A History of Hawaiʻi (Second ed.), Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii, ISBN 0937049948 .
• Mitchell, Donald D. Kilolani (2001), Resource Units in Hawaiian Culture (Second ed.), Honolulu, HI: Kamehameha Schools Press, ISBN 0873360168 .
• Mullen, Christopher A. (1997). Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 9041104399. 
• Pratt, Richard C. & Smith, Zachary (2000), Hawaiʻi Politics and Government: An American State in a Pacific World, Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, ISBN 080328750X .

• Van Dyke, Jon M. (2006-02-28). "Reconciliation between Korea and Japan". Chinese Journal of International Law (5): 215-239. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/chinesejil/jml005. .

[edit] Further reading

• Mast, Robert H. & Mast, Anne B. (1996), Autobiography of Protest in Hawaii, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 0824817842 .
• He Alo a He Alo: Face to Face, Hawaiian Voices on Sovereignty, American Friends Service Committee, 1993, ISBN 0910082251 .
• Ridgell, Reilly, ed. (1995), Pacific Nations and Territories: The Islands of Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia, Bess Press, ISBN 1573060011 .
• Roth, Randall, ed. (1993), The Price of Paradise, vol. II, Mutual Publishing, ISBN 1566470420 .
• Trask, Miliani B. (1991). "Historical and Contemporary Hawaiian Self-Determination: A Native Hawaiian Perspective". Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law (8): 77-95. University of Arizona. 
• Van Dyke, Jon M. (1998). "The Political Status of Native Hawaiian People". Yale Law & Policy Review (17). Yale Law School.