HAVCR2

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Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2
Identifiers
Symbol(s) HAVCR2; FLJ14428; KIM-3; TIM3; TIMD3; Tim-3
External IDs OMIM: 606652 HomoloGene: 87084
RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data
Orthologs
Human Mouse
Entrez 84868 n/a
Ensembl ENSG00000135077 n/a
Uniprot Q8TDQ0 n/a
Refseq NM_032782 (mRNA)
NP_116171 (protein)		 n/a (mRNA)
n/a (protein)
Location Chr 5: 156.45 - 156.47 Mb n/a
Pubmed search [1] n/a

Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2, also known as HAVCR2, is a human gene.[1]

CD4 (MIM 186940)-positive T helper lymphocytes can be divided into types 1 (Th1) and 2 (Th2) on the basis of their cytokine secretion patterns. Th1 cells and their associated cytokines are involved in cell-mediated immunity to intracellular pathogens and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, whereas Th2 cells are involved in the control of extracellular helminthic infections and the promotion of atopic and allergic diseases. The 2 types of cells also cross-regulate the functions of the other. TIM3 is a Th1-specific cell surface protein that regulates macrophage activation and enhances the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice.[supplied by OMIM][1]

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Entrez Gene: HAVCR2 hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2.

[edit] Further reading

  • Anderson DE (2007). "TIM-3 as a therapeutic target in human inflammatory diseases.". Expert Opin. Ther. Targets 11 (8): 1005–9. doi:10.1517/14728222.11.8.1005. PMID 17665973. 
  • Monney L, Sabatos CA, Gaglia JL, et al. (2002). "Th1-specific cell surface protein Tim-3 regulates macrophage activation and severity of an autoimmune disease.". Nature 415 (6871): 536–41. doi:10.1038/415536a. PMID 11823861. 
  • Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. 
  • Sánchez-Fueyo A, Tian J, Picarella D, et al. (2003). "Tim-3 inhibits T helper type 1-mediated auto- and alloimmune responses and promotes immunological tolerance.". Nat. Immunol. 4 (11): 1093–101. doi:10.1038/ni987. PMID 14556005. 
  • Sabatos CA, Chakravarti S, Cha E, et al. (2003). "Interaction of Tim-3 and Tim-3 ligand regulates T helper type 1 responses and induction of peripheral tolerance.". Nat. Immunol. 4 (11): 1102–10. doi:10.1038/ni988. PMID 14556006. 
  • Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039. 
  • Khademi M, Illés Z, Gielen AW, et al. (2004). "T Cell Ig- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (TIM-3) and TIM-1 molecules are differentially expressed on human Th1 and Th2 cells and in cerebrospinal fluid-derived mononuclear cells in multiple sclerosis.". J. Immunol. 172 (11): 7169–76. PMID 15153541. 
  • Chae SC, Park YR, Shim SC, et al. (2005). "The polymorphisms of Th1 cell surface gene Tim-3 are associated in a Korean population with rheumatoid arthritis.". Immunol. Lett. 95 (1): 91–5. doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2004.06.008. PMID 15325803. 
  • Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMID 15489334. 
  • Chae SC, Park YR, Lee YC, et al. (2005). "The association of TIM-3 gene polymorphism with atopic disease in Korean population.". Hum. Immunol. 65 (12): 1427–31. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2004.07.002. PMID 15603868. 
  • Zhu C, Anderson AC, Schubart A, et al. (2006). "The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity.". Nat. Immunol. 6 (12): 1245–52. doi:10.1038/ni1271. PMID 16286920. 
  • Sui L, Zhang W, Chen Y, et al. (2006). "Human membrane protein Tim-3 facilitates hepatitis A virus entry into target cells.". Int. J. Mol. Med. 17 (6): 1093–9. PMID 16685421. 
  • Koguchi K, Anderson DE, Yang L, et al. (2006). "Dysregulated T cell expression of TIM3 in multiple sclerosis.". J. Exp. Med. 203 (6): 1413–8. doi:10.1084/jem.20060210. PMID 16754722. 
  • van de Weyer PS, Muehlfeit M, Klose C, et al. (2007). "A highly conserved tyrosine of Tim-3 is phosphorylated upon stimulation by its ligand galectin-9.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 351 (2): 571–6. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.10.079. PMID 17069754. 
  • Wiener Z, Kohalmi B, Pocza P, et al. (2007). "TIM-3 is expressed in melanoma cells and is upregulated in TGF-beta stimulated mast cells.". J. Invest. Dermatol. 127 (4): 906–14. doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700616. PMID 17096021. 
  • Renesto PG, Ponciano VC, Cenedeze MA, et al. (2007). "High expression of Tim-3 mRNA in urinary cells from kidney transplant recipients with acute rejection.". Am. J. Transplant. 7 (6): 1661–5. doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01795.x. PMID 17430399. 
  • Anderson AC, Anderson DE, Bregoli L, et al. (2007). "Promotion of tissue inflammation by the immune receptor Tim-3 expressed on innate immune cells.". Science 318 (5853): 1141–3. doi:10.1126/science.1148536. PMID 18006747. 
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