Hartford College for Women
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| Hartford College for Women | |
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| Motto: | Sibi constantem esse (To make them steady) |
| Established: | 1933 |
| Type: | Liberal arts women's college |
| Location: | Hartford, Connecticut, USA |
| Campus: | 13 acres |
| Closed: | 2003 |
| Nickname: | HCW |
| Website: | hartford.edu/hcw/about.htm |
The Hartford College for Women (or HCW) was a private college for women located in Hartford, Connecticut. It was opened in 1933, became a constituent college of the University of Hartford (UHart) in 1991, and closed in 2003.
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[edit] History
[edit] 1933 - 1938: The "noble experiment"
HCW was founded as the Hartford Junior College, a satellite branch of Mount Holyoke College, located about 40 miles north in South Hadley, Massachusetts. At the time, higher education opportunities for women living in the Greater Hartford area were extremely limited, requiring most young women to move away for four years in order to obtain an education. The Hartford Young Women's Christian Association's Education Committee, led by Bess Graham Frazier, approached Trinity College, a men's college in Hartford, and asked them to admit women. Remsen Ogilby, the president of Trinity, refused the offer, instead asking President Mary E. Woolley of Mount Holyoke if she would assist.
Since Mount Holyoke itself was facing difficulty attracting new students due to the Great Depression and competition from new women's colleges opening across the country, Woolley agreed to start a junior college branch in Hartford. Faculty members from Mount Holyoke commuted to Hartford to teach first-year liberal arts coursework. Additional faculty support came from retired Mount Holyoke professors living in the Hartford area and some professors from Trinity, which was at the time the only accredited college in the area. After completing their first year at Hartford Junior College, most students transferred to other institutions, especially Mount Holyoke, which greatly benefited the senior college's enrollment.
Known as Mount Holyoke's "noble experiment," the program was troubled from the beginning by the problems of long-distance administration. In 1938, Mount Holyoke – which, at that point, had begun to experience a rise in its enrollment – withdrew its affiliation, leaving Hartford Junior College as its own independent institution.
The college reorganized itself in 1939, with Howell Cheney, a Hartford businessman, as chairman of its Board of Trustees. The college retained its junior college mission but added more liberal arts programs, including more offerings in the sciences, social sciences, and arts. The college moved out of the YWCA and into a house on Highland Street, where it would remain for almost two decades.
[edit] 1939 - 1980s: Reorganization and development
Following the end of the Great Depression, more female students were able to pursue higher education, and the student body of the college, now the Hartford College for Women, grew dramatically as a result. Under the 30-year tenure of president Laura A. Johnson, the college expanded its programs to offer Bachelor's degrees and became a national leader in women's education. She believed in operating HCW as a place for "women who [wanted] to learn and teachers who [loved] to teach," and continued that promote the college that way during the coeducation movement of the 1960s.
In the 1955, the college was one of several area colleges approached by the Hartt School of Music, Hillyer College, and the Hartford Art School about a proposed merger. Along with Trinity College and the Hartford School of Music, HCW declined the offer. However, the Council of Hartford Community Colleges (CHCC) , formed in 1956 in order to promote the idea of a merge, continued to consider it a priority to merge HCW into the new federation, which in 1957 culminated in the University of Hartford. The CHCC ontinued to offer the proposal of a merger to HCW even after the founding of the University.
Ignoring the offers to merge, HCW continued as an independent women's college. In 1958, the college purchased the Seaverns estate on Asylum Avenue and relocated the institution to its new wealthy neighborhood. In the early 1960s, HCW began admitting Laura Johnson Scholars, or women who were returning to (or entering) college beyond the traditional age. In 1968, the Career Counseling Center opened, becoming one of the first career counseling centers for women in the United States.
Resisting offers to merge once again in 1975 and 1976, HCW focused on offering more services to attract new students. By offering additional services such as the Career Counseling Center and the Entrepreneurial Center, founded in 1985, the college was able to continue attracting students even as other women's colleges were forced to close due to declining enrollment.
[edit] 1991 - 2003: Merger to closing
By the early 1990s, the college was, like many women's colleges, encountering financial difficulties and decreasing enrollment. Although it had resisted offers to merge several times in the past, HCW finally merged into the University of Hartford in 1991, becoming the last of its constituent colleges to do so.
Although it merged into a coeducational university, giving students access to all of the programs and services offered by UHart, HCW maintained its single-sex status and separate campus. It also continued to develop and sustain new programs, including the Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame, founded in 1994, and the Academic Express program for non-traditional students, founded in 1997.
In 2002, the University of Hartford administration announced, to the surprise of most students and faculty, that it would be closing the Hartford College for Women and transitioning all of its degree programs into the College of Arts and Sciences. The news was met with resistance from the HCW community, but the protests were unsuccessful and the college graduated its last class the next spring. Several of the college's programs, including the Career Counseling Center (now the Center for Professional Development) and the Entrepreneurial Center (how part of the CPD), were revamped to cover the entire university and made coeducational.
[edit] Academics and teaching
As a liberal arts college, HCW offered courses of study in the humanities, arts, sciences, social sciences, and related fields. Once the college merged into the University of Hartford, students were able to enroll in majors offered through the other constituent colleges, including business and architecture. Students who wished to enroll in HCW programs, however, could only do so if they were female.
HCW was one of the first colleges in the country to offer a major in Women's Studies. The program was cited as one of the most progressive programs in the field by the New England Women's Studies Association due to its special emphasis on the relationship between gender, race, and class.
As the smallest of UHart's colleges, HCW had only five full-time faculty members at the time of its closing, each of whom had joint appointments through the College of Arts and Sciences. As a result many courses for HCW students were taught by professors from outside the college. The college also had nineteen additional staff members, most of whom worked for the Career Counseling Center or the Entrepreneurial Center.
[edit] Campus
HCW classes were originally held at the Hartford branch of the YWCA, located on the current site of the XL Center. After its stint on Highland Street, the college moved to Hartford's more affluent and wooded West End in 1958, where it settled on a 13-acre campus near the site of the University of Connecticut School of Law. Several of the Georgian buildings on campus are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
In later years, especially after the affiliation with the University of Hartford, the college became home to several modern buildings, including the Auerbach Science Center, the Bess Graham Library, the Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame, and the Miriam Butterworth Art Gallery. The campus also became home to the dormitories for UHart's female students.
Today, the campus serves as a living community for female UHart students. In 2006, UHart founded the Women's Education and Leadership Fund, which serves female students by helping them develop academic and leadership skills, in memory of the college.
[edit] Symbols
While HCW's original colors were blue and white – the same as Mount Holyoke's – they were later often replaced with UHart's red and white. Diplomas issued after the merge into UHart featured the University's seal.
The college's seal featured a temple of learning and the Latin motto Sibi constantem esse, which loosely translates into English as "To make them steady."
The most recognizable symbol of HCW today is Butterworth Hall, the main building of the college visible from Asylum Avenue.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- American Association of Junior Colleges. American Junior Colleges. American Council on Education, 1971.
- Datnow, Amanda. Gender in Policy and Practice: Perspectives on Single-Sex and Coeducational Education. Routledge, 2002.
- Graham, Beth Frazier. History of Mount Holyoke in Hartford. University of Hartford Press, 1964.
- Harwarth, Irene. Women's Colleges in the United States: History, Issues, and Challenges. DIANE Publishing, 1997.
- Keller, Rosemary Skinner. The Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America. Indiana University Press, 2006.
- Tonkin, Humphrey. A University for Hartford, A University for the World: A Short History of the University of Hartford. University of Hartford Press, 1998.
