Harrijasotzaileak
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Stone lifting is a popular form of herri kirol or rural sport in the Basque Country in which stones or various shapes and sizes must be lifted off the ground and onto the shoulder.
The name is built on the Basque root harri "stone", the verb jaso "to lift", the agentive suffix -tzaile and the plural ending -ak, so literally "stone lifters". It is also known as harri jasoketa "stone lifting". In Spanish it is called levantamiento de piedra (stone lifting) and in French the sport is called leveurs de pierres.
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[edit] Rules
There are four main categories of stone in use today, all of which come with different weights. The weight of the stones is traditionally measured arroba (12.5kg) but normally given in kg today.
- the zilindroa (cylinder), usually weighing 8, 9 or 10 arroba (100, 112.5 or 125kg)
- the laukizuzena (rectangular), usually weighing between 10 and 17 arroba (125-212.5kg)
- the kuboa (cube), usually weighing between 10 and 17 arroba (125-212.5kg)
- the biribila (round), usually weighing 9 or 10 arroba (112.5 or 125kg)
On occasion natural stones are also still used. This can be problematic for lifters of a smaller stature who may not be able to handle the larger, irregular shapes stones.
The rules are fairly simple, the stone has to be handled so it ends up on the competitors shoulder, at which point it can be dropped onto the pad in front of the harrijasotzaile. They never lift simultaneously but in sequence and facing each other, not side by side. There are two judges next to him, one to mark the time limit and another to ensure that the stone has been properly lifted. The crowd normally shouts out the number of times the stone has been lifted and the person who lifts the stone most often in the allocated time wins.
Alternatively, the competition may involving trying to lift a heavier stone that your opponents or to break a record.
The preferred material for the stones is the so-called harri beltza or black stone, a dark granite quarried near the towns of Zumarraga and Lastur in Gipuzkoa.
[edit] Famous events
Several lifting events are remembered widely:
- Miel Saralegi for lifting the heaviest stone to date, weighing 329kg
- Iñaki Perurena who held the record before Saralegi for lifting a 322kg stone, being a popular figure in the Basque soap Goenkale and a bertsolari.
It is not uncommen for stone lifters to lift into considerably high age. In 1960 for example Justo Gallastegi lifted a 150kg stone 5 times in 5 minutes in Tolosa.
Memorable competitions or competitors often lead to the composition of bertsos.
[edit] History
Although it is likely that this is an old sport, closely linked to rural farming activities, there are no documents of any significant age which mention this either as a sport or an activity. This has led to the wry saying that harri-jasoketa is "the oldest sport with the shortest history".
In the early days of harri-jasoketa every lifter was able to choose their own stone. This lasted well into the 20th century until Bittor Zabala, more commonly known as Arteondo, whose own career as a stone lifter lasted from 1910 to 1945, initiated the process of standardising the shapes and weights of the stones. He was also instrumental in popularising the sport from an activity practised at the family farm into a sport practised in public.
[edit] Women and harri-jasoketa
Traditionally a male dominated sport, women have begun to take part in stone lifting competitions in recent years as they have in other traditional Basque sports.
[edit] Similar traditions
Very similar sports or challenges like this occur in a number of cultures:
- the clachan-ultaich of the Scottish Gael
- the lifting of stones such as the Hálfdrættingur in Iceland
- the Bavarian Stoalupfn
[edit] References
- Department of Culture (in Basque and Spanish)
- Etxegoien, J. Orhipean, Xamar 1996
