Harmony (ISS module)

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Harmony on the Destiny Laboratory Module. (NASA)
Harmony on the Destiny Laboratory Module. (NASA)

Harmony, previously known as Node 2, is the "utility hub" of the International Space Station. The hub contains four racks that provide electrical power, bus electronic data, and act as a central connecting point for several other components via its six Common Berthing Mechanisms (CBMs). Harmony added 2,666 cubic feet (75 cubic meters) to the station's living volume, an increase of almost 20 percent, from 15,000 cubic feet (425 m³) to 17,666 cubic feet (500 m³) The successful installation of Harmony means that from NASA's perspective, the station is now "U.S. Core Complete". Harmony was successfully launched into space aboard Space Shuttle flight STS-120 on 23 October 2007.[1][2] After temporarily being attached to the port side of the Unity node,[3][4] it was moved to its permanent location on the forward end of the Destiny laboratory on November 14, 2007.[5]

Contents

[edit] Origin of name

Interior of Harmony.
Interior of Harmony.

The unit formerly known as Node 2 was renamed Harmony in March 2007.[6] The name was chosen from a competition involving more than 2,200 kindergarten through high school students from 32 states.[7][8] The Node 2 Challenge required students to learn about the space station, build a scale model, and write an essay explaining their proposed name for the module, which will serve as a central hub for science labs.

[edit] Specifications

Harmony under assembly. (NASA)
Harmony under assembly. (NASA)

Weighing approximately 14,288 kilograms (31,500 lb), Harmony is the second of three connectors between the major ISS modules.[7] The design is based on the existing Multi-Purpose Logistics Module, as well as the European Space Agency's Columbus Module.[7] Harmony is managed by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. Its deployment expanded the Space Station, allowing it to grow from the size of a three-bedroom house, to the space equivalent of a typical five-bedroom house, once the Japanese Kibō and European Columbus laboratories are attached. The Space Station robotic arm, Canadarm2, is able to operate from a powered grapple fixture on the exterior of Harmony.[9] The node measures 7.2 meters (24 ft) in length, and it has a diameter of 4.4 meters (14 ft).

[edit] Construction agreement

In an agreement between NASA and the European Space Agency the Rome-based company Thales Alenia Space built Harmony at its facility in Turin, Italy.[9] Harmony arrived on June 1, 2003 at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida after its flight in an Airbus Beluga oversize cargo vehicle. Following post transportation inspection, the Italian Space Agency formally handed over Harmony to the European Space Agency (ESA). From there, ESA formally transferred ownership of Harmony to NASA on June 18, 2003, taking place in the Space Station Processing Facility of the Kennedy Space Center.[10] The handover of Harmony completed a major element of the barter agreement, between ESA and NASA, that was signed in Turin on October 8, 1997.[10]

Paolo A. Nespoli, an ESA astronaut born in Milan, Italy, accompanied the Harmony module aboard STS-120 as a mission specialist.

[edit] Launch

Graphic showing the connecting ports of Harmony.
Graphic showing the connecting ports of Harmony.
Harmony being prepared to be taken out of Space Shuttle Discovery's payload bay.
Harmony being prepared to be taken out of Space Shuttle Discovery's payload bay.

Harmony was launched October 23, 2007 aboard STS-120, as the primary component of assembly mission ISS-10A.[11][12][13]

On October 26, the station's Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) removed Harmony from the shuttle cargo bay and temporarily mated it to the port side of Unity and, on October 27, the crew entered Harmony.[14][3] After the Space Shuttle departed Harmony was relocated to the forward dock of the Destiny laboratory. It required three EVAs by the station crew to complete the installation.[15][14]

The Expedition 16 crew moved the Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA-2) on November 12, 2007 from the Destiny Laboratory to the forward berth of Harmony. The combined PMA-2/Harmony unit was subsequently berthed to its final destination at the forward end of the Destiny Laboratory on November 14, 2007.[5]

[edit] Connecting modules

Harmony was the first permanent living space enlargement to the ISS after the Pirs docking compartment was added in 2001. On February 11, 2008, ESA's Columbus laboratory was attached to the starboard hatch of the Harmony module during space shuttle mission STS-122. On March 14, 2008 the Experiment Logistics Module Pressurized Section (ELM-PS) of Kibō was attached to its interim location: the zenith hatch of Harmony. During STS-124 a Space Shuttle mission flown by Space Shuttle Discovery, the Pressurized Module of Kibō was added to the starboard side of Harmony and the ELM-PS will be moved, leaving the zenith hatch empty. The zenith hatch was originally intended to be the permanent docking connector for the now canceled Centrifuge Accommodations Module (CAM).

If the shuttle flies the Multipurpose Logistics Modules to the station, then such a module will be temporarily berthed to the nadir hatch of Harmony.[16]

[edit] References

  1. ^ NASA (2007-10-23). STS-120 MCC Status Report #01. NASA.
  2. ^ John Johnson Jr. (2007). Space Shuttle Discovery lifts off (English). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on October 23, 2007.
  3. ^ a b William Harwood (2007). Harmony module pulled from cargo bay (English). CBS News. Retrieved on October 26, 2007.
  4. ^ John Schwartz (2007). New Room Added to Space Station. The New York Times. Retrieved on October 26, 2007.
  5. ^ a b NASA (2007). PMA-3 Relocation (English). NASA. Retrieved on September 28, 2007.
  6. ^ NASA (2007). NASA Space Station Module In Perfect ‘Harmony’ With New Name (English). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved on September 28, 2007.
  7. ^ a b c European Space Agency (2007). Node 2: Connecting Module (English). European Space Agency. Retrieved on September 28, 2007.
  8. ^ Tariq Malik (2007). Students Name Next U.S. Space Station Module 'Harmony' (English). SPACE.com. Retrieved on September 28, 2007.
  9. ^ a b NASA (2007). Space Station Assembly: Harmony Node 2 (English). NASA. Retrieved on September 28, 2007.
  10. ^ a b European Space Agency. (2003). European Node officially handed to NASA (English). ESA. Retrieved on September 28, 2007.
  11. ^ NASA (2007). STS-120 to Deliver Harmony Node to ISS (English). NASA. Retrieved on September 28, 2007.
  12. ^ NASA (2007). STS-120 Bringing Space Station ‘Harmony’ (English). NASA. Retrieved on September 28, 2007.
  13. ^ NASA (2007). Launch Schedule: Consolidated Launch Manifest (English). NASA. Retrieved on September 28, 2007.
  14. ^ a b William Harwood for CBS News (2007). Astronauts enter Harmony. Spaceflight Now. Retrieved on October 27, 2007.
  15. ^ Victor Amateur Radio Association (2007). Upcoming Shuttle Missions and ARISS Operations (English). Victor Amateur Radio Association. Retrieved on September 28, 2007.
  16. ^ SpaceRef.com (2007). Space Station User's Guide: ISS Elements: Node 2 (English). SpaceRef.com. Retrieved on September 28, 2007.

[edit] External links

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