Hangul consonant and vowel tables
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The following are tables on the jamo of Hangul consonants and vowels, with the original forms in blue at the first row, and their derivatives (in form and having additional sounds) in the following rows. They are separated into tables of initials, vowels and finals. Jamo are romanized according to the Revised Romanization's transliteration rules. Thus, the table should not be used for normal transcription of Korean language, as sound changes must be observed.
Contents |
[edit] Initials
| ㄱ | ㄴ | ㄷ | ㄹ | ㅁ | ㅂ | ㅅ | ㅇ | ㅈ | ㅊ | ㅋ | ㅌ | ㅍ | ㅎ |
| g | n | d | r | m | b | s | - | j | ch | k | t | p | h |
| ㄲ | ㄸ | ㅃ | ㅆ | ㅉ | |||||||||
| kk | tt | pp | ss | jj |
[edit] Vowels
| Basic | +i | |||||||||||
| 기본 | ㅏ | ㅓ | ㅗ | ㅜ | ㅡ | ㅣ | ㅐ | ㅔ | ㅚ | ㅟ | ㅢ | |
| a | eo | o | u | eu | i | ae | e | oe | wi | ui | ||
| y+ | ㅑ | ㅕ | ㅛ | ㅠ | ㅒ | ㅖ | ||||||
| ya | yeo | yo | yu | yae | ye | |||||||
| w+ | ㅘ | ㅝ | ㅙ | ㅞ | ||||||||
| wa | wo | wae | we | |||||||||
[edit] Finals
| ㄱ | ㄴ | ㄷ | ㄹ | ㅁ | ㅂ | ㅅ | ㅇ | ㅈ | ㅊ | ㅋ | ㅌ | ㅍ | ㅎ |
| g | n | d | l | m | b | s | ng | j | ch | k | t | p | h |
| ㄲ | ㄵ | ㄺ | ㅄ | ㅆ | |||||||||
| kk | nj | lg | bs | ss | |||||||||
| ㄳ | ㄶ | ㄻ | |||||||||||
| gs | nh | lm | |||||||||||
| ㄼ | |||||||||||||
| lb | |||||||||||||
| ㄽ | |||||||||||||
| ls | |||||||||||||
| ㄾ | |||||||||||||
| lt | |||||||||||||
| ㄿ | |||||||||||||
| lp | |||||||||||||
| ㅀ | |||||||||||||
| lh |
[edit] Alphabetization
Several sequences are in use. Sequences of the first type are common in South Korea, differing on the treatment of double jamo consonants in syllable-initial (choseong) and -final (jongseong) position; the second sequence is official in North Korea.
South Korea:
- Consonant letters: ㄱ (ㄲ) ㄴ ㄷ (ㄸ) ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ (ㅃ) ㅅ (ㅆ) ㅇ ㅈ (ㅉ) ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ
- Vowel letters: ㅏ ㅐ ㅑ ㅒ ㅓ ㅔ ㅕ ㅖ ㅗ ㅘ ㅙ ㅚ ㅛ ㅜ ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ ㅠ ㅡ ㅢ ㅣ
North Korea:
- Consonant letters: ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ ‑ᆼ (= final) ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅆ ㅉ ᄋ‑ (= initial)
- Vowel letters: ㅏ ㅑ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ ㅛ ㅜ ㅠ ㅡ ㅣ ㅐ ㅒ ㅔ ㅖ ㅚ ㅟ ㅢ ㅘ ㅙ ㅝ ㅞ
[edit] Consonant letters' names
Variants are given in brackets.
[edit] South Korea
- ㄱ giyeok 기역
- ㄲ ssang giyeok 쌍 기역
- ㄴ nieun 니은
- ㄷ digeut 디귿
- ㄸ ssang digeut 쌍 디귿
- ㄹ rieul 리을
- ㅁ mieum 미음
- ㅂ bieup 비읍
- ㅃ ssang bieup 쌍 비읍
- ㅅ siot 시옷
- ㅆ ssang siot 쌍 시옷
- ㅇ ieung 이응
- ㅈ jieut 지읒
- ㅉ ssang jieut 쌍 지읒
- ㅊ chieut 치읓
- ㅋ kieuk 키읔
- ㅌ tieut 티읕
- ㅍ pieup 피읖
- ㅎ hieut 히읗
[edit] North Korea
- ㄱ gieuk 기윽
- ㄴ nieun 니은
- ㄷ dieut 디읃
- ㄹ rieul 리을
- ㅁ mieum 미음
- ㅂ bieup 비읍
- ㅅ sieut 시읏
- ㅈ jeu 즈? (or jieut 지읒)
- ㅊ cheu 츠? (or chieut 치읓)
- ㅋ keu 크
- ㅌ teu 트
- ㅍ peu 프
- ㅎ heu 흐
- ㄲ doen gieuk 된 기윽 (or ssang gieuk 쌍 기윽)
- ㄸ doen dieut 된 디읃 (or ssang dieut 쌍 디읃)
- ㅃ doen bieup 된 비읍 (or ssang bieup 쌍 비읍)
- ㅆ doen sieut 된 시읏 (or ssang sieut 쌍 시읏)
- ㅉ doen jieut 된 지읒? (or ssang jieut 쌍 지읒)
Consonant names in the 15th century seem to have ended in a vowel, judging from 1451 Hunmin Jeongeum Eonhae's forms such as "[ㄱ]는", which may have been pronounced keuneun /그는/.
[edit] Obsolete variants
- ㅁ: miom 미옴
- ㅂ: biop 비옵
- ㅈ: jyat 쟛
- ㅇ: iheung 이흥, ihoeng 이횡, ihaeng 이행 (in which haeng 행 should have i ᆡ [arae a, i] instead of ae ㅐ), i 이
