Hamunaptra
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Hamunaptra is the name of a fictional city in the 1999 horror/action film, The Mummy, as well as a real city in India.
[edit] Hamunaptra
In the film, The Mummy, Hamunaptra is an ancient Egyptian city hidden deep in the desert some distance from Thebes and is the primary setting for the story. Unlike many of the real places mentioned in the movie, this Hamunaptra is purely fictional.
In the film, Thebes is identified as the "City of the Living" while Hamunaptra is the "City of the Dead, ancient burial site for the sons of pharaohs, and resting place for the wealth of Egypt." This coincides only loosely with the actual Wadi el-Muluk, the Valley of the Kings on the opposite side of the Nile from ancient Thebes. Being to the west, where the sun set, this valley was considered the realm of the dead. King Seti I, who is depicted in the film, was entombed there.
Hamunaptra is depicted as containing two books central to the film's plot. One is the golden Book of Amun-Re, "The Book of the Living", hidden beneath the statue of Horus. "It contains within it all the secret incantations of the Old Kingdom." The other is the black Book of the Dead, hidden beneath the statue of Anubis. The Book of the Living can take life away while the Book of the Dead can give it back. It is the latter that Imhotep, high priest of King Seti I, uses in his attempt to resurrect his true love Anck-su-namun meaning Lifes mystery or hidden one.
Also in this city is the preparation tonto room where mummification is carried out. And hidden deep is a large underground chamber holding "the wealth of Egypt." To protect this treasure, however, the entire city is hidden behind a desert mirage and is only revealed to travellers at sunrise. This trick led to the myth that the entire necropolis was "rigged to sink into the sand on Pharaoh's command," causing the city to disappear under the desert, putting the treasure permanently out of reach.
With the passage of time, Hamunaptra became a lost city, the subject of legends. As a result, by the 1920s, the decade in which most of the film's action takes place, its existence is doubted by serious scholars.
[edit] Real Hamunaptra
In actual history, a city called Hamunaptra (City of the Dead Man) was found in India in the 1850s when British engineers, trying to build a railroad, pillaged the area for bricks. In the 1920s, archaeologists began serious excavations. They found at the site a lost civilization occupying an area greater than that of Pakistan. It was a complex, literate, urbanized, centrally located society. Raw materials located in the area indicated that the civilization had long-distance trade with Mesopotamia. The civilization ended between 1900 and 1700 BCE, which archaeologists accredit to a new group of horse-riding invaders. However, there is no evidence to prove any hypothesis of why the civilization might have become extinct. [1]
