Hakone Ekiden
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Hakone Ekiden (箱根駅伝?), which is officially called The Tokyo-Hakone Come and Go College Ekiden Race (東京箱根間往復大学駅伝競走 Tokyo-Hakone kan Ofuku Daigaku Ekiden Kyōsō?), is one of the prominent university ekiden(relay marathon) races of the year held between Tokyo and Hakone (箱根?) in Japan on 2 and 3 January. The race is telecast on Nippon Television (日本放送?).
This two-day race from Ōtemachi (大手町?) to Hakone and back is separated into five sections on each day.[1] Due to slight variations in the courses, the first day distance is 108.0km while the distance on the second day is 109.9km.[2]
Contents |
[edit] Rules
- Outline
Only male runners run this ekiden: relay marathon. Five sections are provided on the Tokyo-Hakone each way. Each runner runs one section, so each team has ten runners. They run with their teams' sash, and at a station they alternate with next runner with handing over the sash to him.
- Participation
Twenty universities, which belongs to The Inter-University Athletic Union of Kanto (関東学生陸上競技連盟 Kantō gakusei rikujō kyōgi renmei?), can participate in this Ekiden. Ten of them have seed rights which they got last year, nine ones are the best nine universities in a preliminary contest, and the last one is a group of runners who do not belong to above 19 universities but could make a good record in the preliminary contest.
- Seed rights
Teams above 10th place get seeded and can participate in Hakone Ekiden next year.
- Drop Out
If a runner cannot get to the station within twenty minutes after the top runner reached, his team is treated as retired, and at that time the next runner starts with a substitute sash.
[edit] Courses[3]
The first half , on January 2
This is one of the most important sections because the first runner’s rank affects how the team performs in this marathon relay. So every team makes strong runner run in this section. The whole course is flat, but there are some ups and downs at Shin-Yatsuyamabashi (新八ツ山橋?) and Rokugōbashi (六郷橋?).
Traditionally, the fastest runner in each team usually runs on this course. This course is very severe because there are two long and steep slopes. Every year, some runners overtake others in this section, so we can expect exciting race.
In this section, strong sea wind troubles runners, but they can enjoy beautiful scenery such as Mt. Fuji (富士山?) and Sagami Bay (相模湾?). A lot of spectators come to this section to cheer runners. The number of them is the largest of all sections.
This section is the shortest of all sections. There are many ups and downs, so it is difficult for runners to keep their pace.
This section is the longest one. Runners must run up steep slopes, which is about 800m high. And after climbing, they have to go down. So this is the most severe section.
The second half, on January 3
- The sixth section (20.8km) From Lake Ashi, Hakone to Odawara
At first runners run up a little, then they run down steep slopes. These slopes are very hard on runners' legs, so a lot of them slow down just before goal. They start running at about 8 o’clock. To protect themselves against the cold, many of them wear uniforms with long sleeves.
- The seventh section (21.3km) From Odawara to Hiratsuka
The difference of temperature between the start and the goal is larger than any other section. This course is almost flat until 9km, but after that there are some ups and downs. The record of this section is the oldest of all section.
- The eighth section (21.5km) From Hiratsuka to Totsuka
The first half of this section is almost flat, but second one has a slope so-called Yugyouji-no-saka (遊行寺の坂?) which causes runners severe difficulties. Some teams which run around the 10th place start to worry whether they are seeded or not.
- The ninth section (23.2km) From Totsuka to Tsurumi
This section is the longest in the second day’s sections. There are many downs, so runners must control their speed. At this section, many teams reverse their places.
- The tenth section (23.1km) From Tsurumi to Otemachi, Tokyo
This is the last section of Hakone marathon race (Ekiden). This course is almost flat, but sometimes a strong wind blows among the very tall building. There are many fans who cheer runners, so runners feel a strong pressure not to disappoint the fans.
[edit] Origin[4]
Hakone Ekiden was started in 1920. Shizo Kanaguri, who is known as the father of the Japanese marathon, conceived the idea. His enthusiastic idea of bringing up a runner who could compete in the world became the driving force of establishing Hakone Ekiden. When Kanaguri was a Tokyo Koto Shihan school (Koshi) student, he participated in Olympic Games in Stockholm in 1912 as one of the representative Japanese marathon runners. He had to give up his race on the way, however.
In the meantime, the first ekiden, Tokaido ekidentohokyoso (東海道駅伝徒歩競走?) was held in 1917 between Sanjō Ōhashi (三条大橋?) Kyoto and Ueno Shinobazunoike (上野不忍池?) Tokyo, celebrating 50 years after Tokyo became the capital. This race was a big relay race between Kyoto and Tokyo (516km) held by Yomiuri Shimbun (読売新聞社?) for three days. It succeeded and became the original form of Hakone Ekiden. Kanaguri was influenced by the success of the race and persuaded many universities that they should race in the Hakone Ekiden. As a result, Waseda Univ, Keio Univ, Meiji Univ and Tokyo Koshi replied to his offer and Hakone Ekiden started. Hakone Ekiden was started with great energy of the pioneers in Japanese sports society. It started during World War I, so industrial areas gradually expanded to the west and the Tokaido road was widen. Reflecting this active atmosphere, the Japanese sports society, including ekiden one, were developing great challenging spirits at that time.
[edit] Anecdotes
At first, Hakone Ekiden was held irregularly, and runners usually started in the afternoon so that runners could study in the morning. Thus runners, especially in fifth section, had to run at night. Moreover, the start and goal point was provided but the course was not, so runners could choose the way their own way.
Soon after the war, many students in high school were not willing to go to university or college because they were poor, and ekiden-skilled students also were not. So each team had to participate in the ekiden with those who had not experienced ekiden: rugby players, ski players or other sports players. However, going to higher school gradually become general and each university could organize a stronger team.
Today Hakone Ekiden has become one of the most famous sports events in Japan. The whole race has been broadcast live on Nippon Television (日本放送?)since 1987. More than one million people cheer runners along the course. Its level is becoming higher and higher. Today this ekiden is the dream of a lot of runners in high school. And there is the Hakone Ekiden Museum in Hakone which was built in 2005.
[edit] Problems
Today the Hakone Ekiden has various problems.
- International Students
In 1989, an international student ran for the first time as a team member of Yamanashi Gakuin University and he gave Hakone Ekiden a lot of impact with his great skills. Since 2005 the sponsor has limited the number of registered international students to 2 per team and the number of participating international students to 1. However, there are many arguments about international students. Supporters of international students insist that it is discrimination that runners should be chosen not for their race but for their skills. However, Japanese students complain about the gap between Japanese and foreign students.
- Withdrawals for the Race
Recently many withdrawals have happened. More qualified runners are entering as the Hakone Ekiden becomes more popular. In addition, managers do not want them to stop from the perspective of team ,and they cannot stop them because all runners have trained for many years to reach the goal. However, unprepared participants risk the prospect of a career-ending injury.
- Anti-Hakone Ekiden
The Hakone Ekiden has become one of the most popular sports events in Japan, so universities have good staff and runners to increase their chances. Non-university teams, such as company teams, do not have such staff. Moreover, to run such a long way as the Hakone Ekiden may shorten young runners' running lives. According many critics, these cause Japanese male marathoners, such as Olympic games marathon, declining. On the other hand, female Japanese runners, who are not allowed to participate in the Hakone Ekiden, have done well in marathons. For example, Naoko Takahashi won the gold medal at the Olympic games in Sydney and Mizuki Noguchi won one in Athens.
[edit] Winners
| Year | th | Univ |
|---|---|---|
| 1920 | 1 | Tokyo University of Education |
| 1921 | 2 | Meiji Univ |
| 1922 | 3 | Waseda Univ |
| 1923 | 4 | Waseda |
| 1924 | 5 | Meiji |
| 1925 | 6 | Muiji |
| 1926 | 7 | Chuo Univ |
| 1927 | 8 | Waseda |
| 1928 | 9 | Meiji |
| 1929 | 10 | Meiji |
| 1930 | 11 | Waseda |
| 1931 | 12 | Waseda |
| 1932 | 13 | Keio Univ |
| 1933 | 14 | Waseda |
| 1934 | 15 | Waseda |
| 1935 | 16 | NIhon Univ |
| 1936 | 17 | Nihon |
| 1937 | 18 | Nihon |
| 1938 | 19 | Nihon |
| 1939 | 20 | Senshu Univ |
| 1940 | 21 | Nihon |
| 1943 | 22 | Nihon |
| 1947 | 23 | Meiji |
| 1948 | 24 | Chuo |
| 1949 | 25 | Meiji |
| 1950 | 26 | Chuo |
| 1951 | 27 | Chuo |
| 1952 | 28 | Waseda |
| 1953 | 29 | Chuo |
| 1954 | 30 | Waseda |
| 1955 | 31 | Chuo |
| 1956 | 32 | Chuo |
| 1957 | 33 | Nihon |
| 1958 | 34 | Nihon |
| 1959 | 35 | Chuo |
| 1960 | 36 | Chuo |
| 1961 | 37 | Chuo |
| 1962 | 38 | Chuo |
| 1963 | 39 | Chuo |
| 1964 | 40 | Chuo |
| 1965 | 41 | Nihon |
| 1966 | 42 | Juntendo Univ |
| 1967 | 43 | Nihon |
| 1968 | 44 | Nihon |
| 1969 | 45 | Nippon Sport Science Univ |
| 1970 | 46 | Nippon Sport Science |
| 1971 | 47 | Nippon Sport Science |
| 1972 | 48 | Nippon Sport Science |
| 1973 | 49 | Nippon Sport Science |
| 1974 | 50 | Nihon |
| 1975 | 51 | Daito Bunka Univ |
| 1976 | 52 | Daito Bunka |
| 1977 | 53 | Nippon Sport Science |
| 1978 | 54 | Nippon Sport Science |
| 1979 | 55 | Juntendo |
| 1980 | 56 | Nippon Sport Science |
| 1981 | 57 | Juntendo |
| 1982 | 58 | Juntendo |
| 1983 | 59 | Nippon Sport Science |
| 1984 | 60 | Waseda |
| 1985 | 61 | Waseda |
| 1986 | 61 | Juntendo |
| 1987 | 63 | Juntendo |
| 1988 | 64 | Juntendo |
| 1989 | 65 | Juntendo |
| 1990 | 66 | Daito Bunka |
| 1991 | 67 | Daito Bunka |
| 1992 | 68 | Yamanashi Gakuin Univ |
| 1993 | 69 | Waseda |
| 1994 | 70 | Yamanashi Gakuin |
| 1995 | 71 | Yamanashi Gakuin |
| 1996 | 72 | Chuo |
| 1997 | 73 | Kanagawa Univ |
| 1998 | 74 | Kanagawa |
| 1999 | 75 | Juntendo |
| 2000 | 76 | Komazawa Univ |
| 2001 | 77 | Juntendo |
| 2002 | 78 | Komazawa |
| 2003 | 79 | Komazawa |
| 2004 | 80 | Komazawa |
| 2005 | 81 | Komazawa |
| 2006 | 82 | Asia Univ |
| 2007 | 83 | Juntendo |
| 2008 | 84 | Komazawa |
[edit] Shizo Kanaguri Trophy
This prize is awarded to the most valuable runner. This was founded in 2004(80th) to admire Shizo Kanaguri's accomplishment.
| Year | th | Name | Univ |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | 80 | Yukiharu Kanegae | IUAU Team (Tsukuba Univ)) |
| 2005 | 81 | Masato Imai | Juntendo Univ |
| 2006 | 82 | Masato Imai | Juntendo Univ |
| 2007 | 83 | Yuki Sato | Tokai Univ |
| Masato Imai | Juntendo Univ | ||
| 2008 | 84 | Jun Shinotou | Chuo Gakuin Univ |
[edit] Records
They overtook the highest number of runners in one section.
| Place | number | Name | Univ | th/Section |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 15 | Takuro Nakagawa | Juntendo Univ | 79/2 |
| 2 | 12 | Makoto Hattori | Tokyo Nogyo Univ | 50/2 |
| Kensuke Oda | Kanto Gakuin Univ | 79/2 | ||
| Mokanba | Yamanashi Gakuin Univ | 81/2 | ||
| Moguss | Yamanashi Gakuin Univ | 82/2 | ||
| 6 | 11 | Masato Imai | Juntendo Univ | 81/5 |
| Kousaku Hoshina | Nippon Sport Science Univ | 82/2 | ||
| 8 | 10 | Makoto Fukui | Nihon Univ | 82/3 |
[edit] See also
- Izumo Ekiden
- All Japan University Ekiden
[edit] References
- ^ 箱根駅伝公式Webサイト -衛星画像マップ- (html) (japanese). Retrieved on 2008-01-02.
- ^ 箱根駅伝公式Webサイト (html) (japanese). Retrieved on 2008-01-02.
- ^ 箱根駅伝コースマップ (html) (japanese). Retrieved on 2008-01-25.
- ^ 箱根駅伝とは―歴史― (html) (japanese). Retrieved on 2008-01-25.
