Gyttorp
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Gyttorp | |
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  Gyttorp
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| Coordinates: | |
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| Country | Sweden |
| County | Örebro County |
| Municipality | Nora Municipality |
| Province | Västmanland |
| First mentioned | 1539 |
| Area | |
| - Total | 2.75 km² (1.1 sq mi) |
| Population (2005-12-31 urban area) | |
| - Total | 620 |
| - Density | 225/km² (582.7/sq mi) |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) |
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) |
Gyttorp is an urban area in the historical province of Västmanland and in present Nora Municipality, Örebro County, Sweden. Today it is mainly known for its explosive factory and Ralph Erskine's typical town houses. It is situated by lake Vikern.
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[edit] History
Gyttorp was most probably settled during the Middle Ages as the place name suggests. Most probably the meaning of the name is Gydhi's or Gydha's new settlement.[1]
[edit] Manor house
Gyttorp is mentioned as Gyetorp in the oldest taxation list for the area from 1539. The owner of Gyttorp estate and blast furnace at that time was the district senior juryman Karl Nilsson.[2] He was ennobled in 1561 by king Eric XIV of Sweden. His coat of arms showed an oak leaf. This made Gyttorp estate a manor house for some decades.[3]
[edit] Military industry
Karl Nilsson died in 1569, but the estate stayed in his family until 1606 when the Swedish state bought it in order to build a small scale military industry at the site. A new blast furnace and foundry were soon built where cannons, cannonballs and grenades were made of iron. This military production was continued until the mid 1600s, but from 1621 by private lease-holders. In 1670 the Swedish state sold Gyttorp to private owners and the water power was now only used for a watermill and saw mill.[4] A furnace for copper production was built here in the 1710s but was closed in the 1750s. Between 1706–1804 there was an inn in Gyttorp.
[edit] Explosive factory
In 1858 an explosive factory was built next by lake Vikern in Gyttorp. At first gunpowder and later nitroglycerin and dynamite was produced. The explosives were mainly used for blasting in mines. In 1915 this Gyttorps Sprängämnes AB was united with Alfred Nobel's company Nitroglycerin AB and in a few year the new company moved all its production to Gyttorp. This meant that a new modern factory was built in Gyttorp and around it a new urban area grew up. Many private homes were built and after World War II Nitroglycerin AB gave the British architect Ralph Erskine the task to plan the new modern Gyttorp which has given Gyttorp a very typical architecture. 131 apartments as well as business premises and a school were built between 1948–1961.[5] In the 1950s the explosive factory employed more than 800 workers.
Today the explosive factory is owned by the Australian company Orica and the production is concentrated to detonation systems such as Nonel that was invented by the engineers in Gyttorp during the 1960s. The once in all aspects dominating factory that around 1980 had 1600 employees today has a workforce of less than a fifth of that figure.
Shotgun shells have been produced in Gyttorp since 1908 under the brand Gyttorp. The production was started by Gyttorps Sprängämnes AB but today it's produced by the company Gyttorp AB.
[edit] Notes
[edit] References
- Jan Eric Almqvist: Herrgårdarna i Sverige under reformationstiden (1523–1611). Skrifter utgivna av Rättsgenetiska institutet vid Stockholms Högskola 3. Stockholm 1960.
- Erik Andrén: Nitroglycerin Aktiebolaget 1864–1964. Gyttorp 1964.
- Johan Johansson: Om Noraskog II. Stockholm 1881–1882.
- Sören Klingnéus: "Från Nerikes faktori till Bofors. Krigsindustrin i Örebro län." In Närkingar i krig och fred. Närkes Militärhistoria, vol 1. Kumla 1989.
- Mats Wahlberg [ed]: Svenskt ortnamnslexikon. Språk- och folkminnesinstitutet, Uppsala 2003.
[edit] External links
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