Guadalupe Victoria
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| Guadalupe Victoria | |
 A painting of Guadalupe Victoria. |
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| In office October 10, 1824 – April 1, 1829 |
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| Preceded by | Agustín I, Emperor of Mexico |
| Succeeded by | Vicente Guerrero |
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| Born | September 29, 1786 Tamazula, Durango |
| Died | March 21, 1843 (aged 56) Perote, Veracruz |
José Miguel Ramón Adaucto Fernández y Félix (September 29, 1786, Tamazula, Durango - March 21, 1843, Perote, Veracruz). He was the 1st President of Mexico from 1824 to 1829. He was a Mexican revolutionary rebel soldier of the Mexican War of Independence, who fought for independence against Spain in the early 19th century.
Victoria was born in 1786, he studied Law in the Colegio de San Ildefonso. In 1811 he joined the revolution proclaimed by Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla and fought under José María Morelos. After Morelos' execution, he joined forces with Vicente Guerrero, and fought in the regions of Veracruz and Puebla.
After his defeat near the town of Palmillas, Veracruz, he remained hidden in the mountains until Agustín de Iturbide and Guerrero issued the Plan de Iguala, which called for an independent Mexico governed by a constitutional monarchy. Firmly republican, he supported general Antonio López de Santa Anna and signed the Plan de Casa Mata with the purpose to overthrow Emperor Iturbide.
He became the first president of Mexico after the overthrow of Emperor Iturbide. Victoria chose his new name for symbolic significance: "Guadalupe" to give thanks, to what he claimed, the protection of Our Lady of Guadalupe, and "Victoria" which means Victory.
During his tenure he abolished slavery, established the "Colegio Militar" (Military Academy), and signed a diplomatic Treaty with all major powers. In 1827, Victoria's presidential term was disrupted when his vice president Nicolás Bravo, led a revolt against the Republic government. However, the insurgency was easily suppressed by Victoria's comrades, generals Santa Anna and Guerrero. In 1828, Bravo was captured and exiled to Ecuador.
Victoria died of epilepsy in Perote, Veracruz, in 1843 where he was interred. On August 25, 1845 he was declared "Benemérito de la Patria" (Hero of the Nation) by Congress. In 1925 his remains were moved to the mausoleum at the base of El Ángel de la Independencia in Mexico City.
[edit] Legacy
Victoria is a national hero of Mexico. In his honour, the town of Tamazula de Victoria is named after him.
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| Preceded by Pedro Celestino Negrete Nicolás Bravo Guadalupe Victoria (interim triumvirate) |
President of Mexico 1824–1829 |
Succeeded by Vicente Guerrero |
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