GTK+
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
GTK+, or The GIMP Toolkit, is a cross-platform widget toolkit for creating graphical user interfaces. It is one of the most popular toolkits for the X Window System, along with Qt and Motif.
GTK+ was initially created for the GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP), a raster graphics editor, in 1997 by Spencer Kimball and Peter Mattis, members of eXperimental Computing Facility (XCF) at UC Berkeley. Licensed under the LGPL, GTK+ is free software (and open source) and is part of the GNU Project.
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[edit] Programming languages
GTK+ uses the C programming language, although its design uses the GObject object system. The GNOME platform provides bindings for:
- C++ (gtkmm)
- Perl (Gtk2-perl)
- Ruby (ruby-gtk2)
- Python (PyGTK)
- Java (java-gnome) (not available for Microsoft Windows)
- C# (Gtk#)
- PHP (PHP-GTK)
Others have written bindings for many other programming languages (including Ada, D, Haskell, Ocaml, Pascal, PHP, Pike, Tcl, Euphoria and all .NET programming languages). GTK-server provides a stream-based IPC interface to GTK+ allowing it to be used from any language with I/O capabilities, including shell scripts. A complete list of bindings can be found at the GTK+ bindings page.
Languages purpose-written for GTK+ include GOB2 and Vala.
Unlike many other widget toolkits, but like Qt, GTK+ isn't based on Xt. The advantage of this is that it allows GTK+ to be available on other systems and to be much more flexible. The disadvantage is that it doesn't have access to the X resources database, which is the traditional way for customizing X11 applications.
[edit] Platforms
GTK+ was originally targeted at the X Window System, and this remains its primary target platform. Other targeted platforms are Microsoft Windows (Windows 2000 and upwards, near complete support), DirectFB, and Quartz (Mac OS X v10.4 and upwards, still under development).
[edit] Look and feel
The end-user can configure the look of the toolkit, down to offering a number of different display engines. Engines exist which try to emulate the look of other popular toolkits or platforms, like Windows 95, Motif, Qt or NEXTSTEP.
[edit] Environments that use GTK+
- The GNOME environment uses GTK+ as a base, which means that programs written for GNOME use GTK+ as their toolkit.
- Xfce also uses it as its base, though its applications typically do not depend on as many libraries. (This is the difference between something being branded as a “GNOME program” and as a “GTK+ program”.)
- ROX Desktop a lightweight desktop, with features from the GUI of RISC OS
- GPE Palmtop Environment
- Maemo (Nokia's Internet-tablet framework)
- Access Linux Platform (successor of the Palm OS PDA platform)
- One Laptop Per Child project uses GTK+ and PyGTK.
- Openmoko - Open mobile platform
Those desktop environments, however, are not required to run GTK+ programs. If the libraries the program requires are installed, a GTK+ program can run on top of other X11-based environments such as KDE or an X11-plus-window manager environment; this includes Mac OS X if X11.app is installed. GTK+ can also run under Microsoft Windows, used by some popular cross-platform applications like Pidgin and GIMP. wxWidgets, a cross-platform GUI toolkit uses GTK+ for Unix systems [1]. Some of the more unusual ports include DirectFB and ncurses.
[edit] Window managers
Both Metacity and Xfwm4 use GTK+ 2.
[edit] Non-graphics-related code and ports
GTK+ initially contained some utility routines that did not strictly relate to graphics, for instance providing such data structures as linked lists and binary trees. Such general utilities, along with the object system called GObject, have now migrated into a separate library, Glib, which programmers can use to develop code that does not require a graphical interface.
Cursed GTK is a text console port of GTK+. [1]
[edit] GTK+ 2
GTK+ 2 has succeeded GTK+ 1. Its new features include improved text rendering using Pango, a new theme engine, improved accessibility using the Accessibility Toolkit, complete transition to Unicode using UTF-8 strings and a more flexible API. However, GTK+ 2 lacks compatibility with GTK+ 1, and programmers must port applications to it.
Starting with version 2.8, GTK+ 2 depends on the Cairo library for rendering with vector graphics in GTK+ 2.
[edit] GTK+ development
Software development with GTK+ is somewhat systematic[citation needed], in that handcoding simple and complex graphical elements is very repetitive. Moreover, this process is so systematic that several programs, like Glade or Gazpacho, allow one to develop graphical applications with an easy to use visual center, such as that used with Visual Basic.
[edit] Release history
| Release Series | Latest Minor Version | Release Date | Significant Changes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0.x | 1.0.? | ? | ? |
| 1.2.x | 1.2.10 | 2 April 2001 | ? |
| 2.0.x | 2.0.9 | 20 November 2002 | ? |
| 2.2.x | 2.2.4 | 4 September 2003 | ? |
| 2.4.x | 2.4.14 | 3 December 2004 | ? |
| 2.6.x | 2.6.10 | 18 August 2005 | ? |
| 2.8.x | 2.8.20 | 2 July 2006 | cairo integration |
| 2.10.x | 2.10.14 | 16 July 2007 | GtkPrint - printing support |
| 2.12.x | 2.12.9 | 12 March 2008 | GtkBuilder - libglade replacement |
[edit] Future developments
Project Ridley is an attempt to consolidate several libraries that are currently external to GTK+, including: libgnome, libgnomeui, libgnomeprint22, libgnomeprintui22, libglade, libgnomecanvas, libegg, libeel and gtkglext.[2]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
[edit] External links
- GTK+ homepage
- GTK+ Planet
- Foundations of GTK+ Development, book on GTK+ 2 development
- Curses backend for GTK+
- GTK+ dev-cpp package and runtime for Windows
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