Ground beetle

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Ground beetles
Golden ground beetle Carabus auratus With earthworm prey
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Hexapoda Class: Insecta Order: Coleoptera Suborder: Adephaga Family: Carabidae Latreille, 1802
Genera
Many genera; see text.

Beetles within the Coleoptera family Carabidae are commonly known as ground beetles.

Carabidae is a large family, with more than 40,000 species worldwide (approximately 2,000 of which reside in North America and 2,700 in Europe)^[1]. Most species are carnivorous, and some will run swiftly to catch their prey. Although there is some variation in their body shape and coloring, most are shiny, black (some are metallic), and have ridged elytra (wing covers). Ground beetles in the genus Brachinus are commonly known as bombardier beetles; they are noted for their defensive ability to squirt a jet of hot foul-smelling liquid from their abdomens. Ground beetles in the subfamily Cicindelinae are known as tiger beetles. Unlike most of the other species of Carabidae, which are nocturnal, the tiger beetles are active diurnal hunters, and often brightly coloured. All species except the more primitive Paussinae, have a groove on their front tibiae (leg) bearing a comb of hairs, for cleaning their antennae. Common habitats are under the bark of trees, under logs, or amongst rocks or sand by the edge of ponds and rivers.

Ground beetles of the species Promecognathus laevissimus are specialised predators of the millipede Harpaphe haydeniana, countering the hydrogen cyanide defence mechanism used by the millipede.

Ground beetles in the subfamily Mormolycinae are known as violin beetles.

Contents 1 Pest control 2 Classification 3 References 4 External links

[edit] Pest control

The most effective method of controlling this particular pest is to spray likely points of entry; such as windows, doors and skirting boards with a repellent known as cypetmethrin. The beauty of this insecticide is that it's not harmful to humans or household pets; and ground beetles hate it.

Anthia sexguttata (India)

Six-spotted green tiger beetle Cicindela sexguttata

Family Carabidae: Subfamily Psydrinae Genus Amblytelini

[edit] Classification

An incomplete list of subfamilies and genera:See also ITIS

Brachininae Bonelli, 1810 Brachinus Weber, 1801 Broscinae Hope, 1838 Acallistus Sharp, 1886 Adotela Laporte de Castelnau, 1867 Axonya Andrewes, 1923 Baripus Dejean, 1828 Bountya Townsend, 1971 Brithysternum Macleay, 1873 Broscodera Lindroth, 1961 Broscodes Bolivar, 1914 Broscosoma Rosenhauer, 1846 Broscus Panzer, 1813 Brullea Laporte de Castelnau, 1868 Cascellius Curtis, 1839 Cerotalis Laporte de Castelnau, 1868 Chaetobroscus Semenov, 1900 Chylnus Sloane, 1920 Craspedonotus Schaum, 1863 Creobius Guérin-Méneville, 1838 Diglymma Sharp, 1886 Eobroscus Kruizhanovskií, 1951 Eurylychnus Bates, 1891 Gnathoxys Westwood, 1842 Mecodema Blanchard, 1853 Metaglymma Bates, 1867 Microbarypus Roig-Juñent, 2000 Miscodera Eschscholtz, 1830 Nothobroscus Roig-Juñent & Ball, 1995 Nothocascellius Roig-Juñent, 1995 Oregus Putzeys, 1868 Parroa Laporte de Castelnau, 1868 Percolestus Sloane, 1892 Percosoma Schaum, 1858 Promecoderus Dejean, 1829 Rawlinsius Davidson & Ball, 1998 Zacotus Leconte, 1869 Carabinae Latreille, 1802 Calosoma Weber, 1801 Carabus Linnaeus, 1758 Cychrus Fabricius, 1794 Leistus Frölich, 1799 Nebria Latreille, 1802 Notiophilus Dumeril, 1806 Pelophila Dejean, 1821 Cicindelinae Latreille, 1802 Cicindela Linnaeus, 1758 Cylindera Westwood, 1831 Elaphrinae Latreille, 1802 Blethisa Bonelli, 1810 Diacheila Motschulsky, 1845 Elaphrus Fabricius, 1775

Harpalinae Bonelli, 1810 Abax Bonelli, 1810 Acupalpus Dejean, 1829 Agonum Bonelli, 1810 Amara Bonelli, 1810 Anchomenus Bonelli, 1810 Anisodactylus Dejean, 1829 Anthracus Motschulsky, 1850 Badister Clairville, 1806 Blackburnia Bradycellus Erichson, 1837 Calathus Bonelli, 1810 Callistus Bonelli, 1809 Calodromius Reitter, 1905 Chlaenius Bonelli, 1810 Cymindis Latreille, 1806 Demetrias Bonelli, 1810 Diachromus Erichson, 1837 Dicheirotrichus Jacqelin du Val, 1857 Dolichus Bonelli, 1810 Dromius Bonelli, 1810 Harpalus Latreille, 1802 Laemostenus Bonelli, 1810 Lebia Latreille, 1802 Licinus Latreille, 1802 Lionychus Wissman, 1846 Masoreus Dejean, 1821 Microderes Faldermann, 1835 Microlestes Schmidt-Goebel, 1846 Odacantha Paykull, 1798 Olisthopus Dejean, 1828 Oodes Bonelli, 1810 Ophonus Stephens, 1828 Orthomus Chaudoir, 1838 Oxyselaphus Chaudoir, 1843 Panagaeus Latreille, 1802 Paradromius Fowler, 1887 Paranchus Lindroth, 1974 Pedius Motschulsky, 1850 Perigona Laporte de Castelnau, 1835 Philorhizus Hope, 1838 Platyderus Stephens, 1828 Platynus Bonelli, 1810 Plochionus Wiedemann, 1823 Poecilus Bonelli, 1810 Pterostichus Bonelli, 1810 Sericoda Kirby, 1837 Sphodrus Clairville, 1806 Stenolophus Dejean, 1821 Stomis Clairville, 1806 Syntomus Hope, 1838 Synuchus Gyllenhal, 1810 Zabrus Clairville, 1806 Loricerinae Bonelli, 1810 Loricera Latreille, 1802 Omophroninae Bonelli, 1810 Omophron Latreille, 1802 Paussinae Arthropterus Macleay, 1838 Megalopaussus Lea, 1906 Mystropomus Chaudoir, 1848 Paussus Sinometrius Wrase & Schmidt, 2006 Psydrinae Mecyclothorax Scaritinae Bonelli, 1810 Dyschirius Bonelli, 1810

Trechinae Bonelli, 1810 Aepus Samouelle, 1819 Amerizus - includes Gnatholymnaeum Asaphidion Des Gozis, 1886 Bembidion Latreille, 1802 Blemus Dejean, 1821 Broscus Panzer, 1813 Cillenus Leach, 1819 Miscodera Eschscholtz, 1830 Ocys Stephens, 1828 Patrobus Dejean, 1821 Perileptus Schaum, 1860 Pogonus Dejean, 1821 Porotachys Netolitzky, 1914 Rhysodes Dejean, 1821 Tachyra Motschulsky, 1862 Tachys Dejean, 1821 Tachyta Kirby, 1837 Trechoblemus Ganglbauer, 1891 Trechosia Jeannel, 1926 Trechus Clairville, 1806 incertae sedis Acinopus Latreille Agatus Motschulsky, 1844 Amblystomus Erichson Apotomus Illiger Apristus Chaudoir Aptinus Bonelli Callisthenes Fischer de Waldheim Cardioderus Dejean Carterus Dejean Clivina Latreille Corsyra Dejean Cychrus Fabricius Daptus Fischer de Waldheim Deltomerus Motschulsky Diachila Motschulsky Dichirotrichus Gemminger & Harold Ditomus Bonelli Drypta Latreille Duvaliopsis Jeannel Duvalius Delarouzée Gynandromorphus Dejean Harpalobrachys Tschitscherin Hemiaulax Bates Lasiotrechus Ganglbauer Limnastis Motschulsky Lorocera Latreille Mastax Fischer de Waldheim Metabletus Schmidt-Goebel Molops Bonelli Odontonyx Stephens Omophoron Latreille Parophonus Ganglbauer Penthus Chaudoir Polystichus Bonelli Pseudaphaenops Winkler Scarites Fabricius Taphoxenus Motschulsky Thalassophilus Wollaston Trachypachys Motschulsky Trichocellus Ganglbauer Trichotichnus A. Morawitz Zuphium Latreille

Subfamily - Agoninae

• • Three genera in South Australia
  • Laemostenus - one species
  • Notogonum - Three species
  • Homothes - four species

[edit] References

1. ^ Kromp, B. 1999. Carabid beetles in sustainable agriculture: a review on pest control efficacy, cultivation aspects and enhancement. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 74: 187-228

• Edmund Reitter. Fauna Germanica. Käfer, 1908, I:67-201.
• C. H. Lindroth. Svensk Insectenfauna 9, Coleoptera, Carabidae. Stockholm, 1942 : 1-260.
• E. Csiki. Die Aäferfauna des Karpaten-Beckens. Budapest 1946, 1:71-546.
• K. Kult. Klic k urcovani brouku celedi Carabidae Ceskoslovenske republiky. Praha 1947:1-198.

[edit] External links

• Tree of Life page, Family Carabidae, with pictures
• Carabidae of the World