Greek and Latin roots in English
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The following is an alphabetical list of Greek and Latin roots commonly used in English. Those used in medicine and medical terminology are not listed here but instead in Wikipedia's List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes.
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[edit] A
Root | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
a-, ab-, abs- | from, away from, away, different from, separated from | Latin | from Latin ab "away", from Greek apo "away" | abridged, absorb, abnormal, abrasion, abstract |
a-, an- (related cognate prefix un-) | not, without | Greek | Greek α-/αν- "a-/an" "not" | atypical, ahistorical |
ac-, ak-, acu- | sharp | Latin | from Latin acutus past participle of acuere "to sharpen", from acus "needle" | acid, acupunture |
acr-, acro- | height, summit, tip | Greek | Greek άκρος ákros "high", "extreme" | acrophobia acrobat, acronym acromegalia |
ad- (related cognate prefixes a-, ac-, af-, ag-, al-, ap-, as-, at-) | movement to or toward; in addition to | Latin | from Latin ad "to", "toward" | adapt, advance, ascend |
adip- | fat | Latin | from Latin adepts, adip- "fat" | adipose |
aer-, aero- | air, atomsphere | Greek | from Greek aer "air" | aeronautics, aerosol, |
aesth- | feeling, sensation | Greek | from Greek aisthētikos "of sense perception" from aisthanesthai "to perceive" | aesthetics |
agr-, agri- | field | Greek and Latin | from Greek agros and Latin ager, agr- "field" | agriculture, pilgrim |
am-, amor- | love, loving | Latin | Latin amor "love" from amāre "to love" | amateur, amorous |
ambi- | both, on both sides | Latin | Latin ambi "on both sides" | ambidextrous, ambivalent |
amphi- | around, about, both, on both sides of, both kinds | Greek | Latin from Greek amphi "on both sides" | amphibian |
ana- | again, against | Greek | from Greek prefix ana- "again", "against" | anaplylaxis anabaptist |
anima- | breath | Latin | from Latin anima "breath" | animal |
ann- anni-, anno- | year, yearly | Latin | from Latin annus "year" | annual, anniversary |
ant-, anti- | against, opposed to, preventive | Greek | from Greek anti "before" "against" | antipodes, antibiotic, antibody, |
ante- | before, in front of, prior to | Latin | Latin from Greek anti "before", "against" | antediluvian, antebellum, anticipate |
ar- | burn, dry | Latin | from Latin arere "be dry or parched" | arid |
anth-, antho- | flower | Greek | from Greek anthos "flower" | anther, anthology |
anthropo-, anthro- | human | Greek | from Greek anthropos "man" | anthropology, anthropomorphic |
archaeo- | ancient | Greek | from Greek arkhaios "ancient" from arhkē "beginning" | archeology, archaic |
arct- , arcto- | Relating to the North Pole or the region near it; relating to cold; used as the scientific name of some bear species, e.g.ursus arctos horribilis | Greek | from Greek arktos "bear" | Arctic Ocean |
argent- | silver | Latin | from Latin argentum "silver" | argent, Argentina |
arthr- , arthro- | joint | Greek | from Greek arthon "joint" | arthropod |
astr-, astro- | star, star shaped | Greek | from Greek astron "star" | astronomy |
athl- | prize | Greek | from Greek athlos "contest" | athlete |
aud-, audi- | hearing, listening, sound | Latin | from Latin audire "to hear" | auditorium, auditory, audio |
aug- | grow, increase | Latin | from Latin augēre "to increase" | augmentation, inauguration |
aur- | relating to gold, or gold-colored | Latin | from Latin aurum "gold" | aureole, aure |
auri- | Relating to the ear | Latin | from Latin auris "ear" | auricle |
aut- auto- | self; directed from within | Greek | from Greek autos αυτός "self", "same" | automobile, autonomy |
avi- | bird | Latin | avis "bird" | aviary, aviation |
axi- | axis | Greek | Latin from Greek axios "worth" | axis, axiology |
[edit] B
Prefix | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Example |
---|---|---|---|---|
bac- | rod shaped | Latin | from baculum rod | bacilla, bacteria |
baro- | weight, pressure | Greek | Greek Root/Prefix | barometer, barograph, baroreceptor |
basi- | at the bottom | Greek | from βαίνω, to walk, march | basic, basis (βάσις "step") |
bel, belli- | war | Latin | bellum, belli - war | belligerent, Ante Bellum |
ben- | good, well | Latin | bene (adverb) | benefit, benign |
bi- | two | Latin | bis, "twice" / bini, "in twos" | binocular, bigamy |
bibl- | book | Greek | βιβλίον | bibliography, bible |
bi(o)- | life | Greek | βίος | biology, biologist, biosphere |
blast- | germ, embryo, bud, cell with nucleus | Greek | βλαστάνω, "to put forth shoots" | sideroblast |
bor- | north | Greek / Latin (boreas) | βόρρας, "the north wind" | borealis |
bot- | plant | Greek | botany | |
bov- | ox | Latin | bovis, bovis - ox | bovine |
brach-, brachio- | arm | Greek | ||
brach- | short | Greek | ||
brad- | slow | Greek | βραδύς | bradycardia |
branch- | gill | Greek | ||
brev- | short (time) | Latin | brevis, breve - short, brief | brevity |
briz- | to nod | |||
brom- | oats, broom, shadow | |||
bronch- | windpipe | Greek | βρόγχος | bronchitis |
buc- | mouth, cavity | Latin | bucca | |
bulb- | bulbous | |||
bulla- | bubble, flask | Latin | ebullio, "to bubble, boil" | ebullient |
bursa- | pouch, purse | Latin | bursary, disburse |
[edit] C
Root | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
cac(o)- | bad | Greek | (kakos) | cacophony |
cad-, -cid-, cas- | fall | Latin | cadere | accident, cadence, case |
calc- | stone | Latin probably from Greek | from Latin calx "lime", probably from Greek khalix "pebble" "limestone" | calculus, calcite, calcium |
calli- | beautiful | Greek | from Greek kallos "beauty" | calligraphy |
calor- | heat | Latin | calor "heat" | calorie |
calyp- | cover | Greek | (kaluptein) | apocalypse |
camer- | vault | Latin | camera | bicameral, camera |
camp- | field | Latin | campus "field", "level ground" | champion, campaign |
can(i)- | dog | Latin | canis "dog" | canine, Canis Major |
can-, cant- | sing | Latin | canere "sing" | canto, cantata, cantor |
cand- | glowing, iridescent | Latin | candere "to be white or glisten" | candid, incandescent, candle, candela |
cap-, -cip-, capt-, -cept- | take, hold | Latin | capere "take or hold" (note the vowel change from a to i in compounds) | capture, captive, conception, recipient |
capit-, -cipit- | head | Latin | caput, capitis "head" | capital, chief, chef |
capr- | goat | Latin | caper, capri | Capricorn, caprine |
caps- | box, case | Latin | capsa | capsule |
carbo- | coal | Latin | carbo, carbonis | carbon |
carcer- | jail | Latin | carcer, carcerare | incarceration |
carci- | cancer (disease) | Latin from Greek | Latin from Greek karkinos "crab" | carcinoma |
cardi(o)- | relating to the heart | Greek | from Greek kardia "heart" | cardiology, cardiograph |
cardin- | hinge | Latin | cardo, cardinis | cardinal |
carn- | flesh | Latin | caro, carnis | carnival, carnivore |
carpo- | relating to fruit | Greek | from Greek karpos "fruit" | carpology |
carp- | relating to the wrist | Greek | from Greek karpos "wrist" | carpal, carpal tunnel syndrome |
cata- | down | Greek | kata "down" | catastrophe, catatonia |
caten- | chain | Latin | catena | concatenation |
cathar- | pure | Greek | (katharos) | catharsis |
caud- | tail | Latin | cauda | caudal |
cav- | hollow | Latin | cavus "hollow" | cave, cavity, excavation |
ced-, cess- | go | Latin | cedere | procession, recede |
celer- | quick | Latin | celer, celerare | acceleration, celerity |
cen(o)- | new | Greek | (kainos) | |
cen(o)- | common | Greek | (koinos) | |
cens- | Latin | censere | census | |
cent- | hundred | Latin | centum "hundred" | cent, centennial, centurion |
centen- | hundred each | Latin | centeni | centenary |
centesim- | hundredth | Latin | centesimus | centesimal, centesimation |
centr- | center | Greek | (kentron) | eccentric |
cephalo- | head | Greek | from Greek κεφάλι kephale "head" | cephalopod, encephalogram |
ceram- | clay | Greek | (keramos) | ceramic |
cerat- | horn | Greek | from Greek keras "horn" | ceratin, cornea |
cern- | Latin | cernere | discern | |
cervic- | relating to the neck, relating to the cervix | Latin | cervix, cervicis "neck" | cervix, cervical |
ceter- | other | Latin | ceterus | et cetera |
chiro- | of the hand or hands | Greek | from Greek kheir "hand" | chiroptera, chiropractic |
chelo- | relating to a turtle | Greek | from Greek khelone "tortoise" | chelonia |
chloro- | green | Greek | from Greek khlōros "green" | chlorine, chlorophyll |
choreo- | relating to dance | Greek | from Greek khoreia "dancing in unison" from khoros "chorus" | choreography |
chord- | cord | Latin | chorda "rope" | chordata |
chrom- | color | Greek | from Greek khrōma "color" | chromosome, chromium |
chryso- | relating gold | Greek | from Greek khrusos "gold" | chrysolite |
cili- | eyelash | Latin | cilium | cilia |
cine- | motion | Greek | (kine-) | cinema |
ciner- | ash | Latin | cinis, cineris | incineration |
cing-, cinct- | gird | Latin | cingere | succinct |
circ- | circle | Latin | circus | circus |
circum- | around | Latin | circum "around" | circumference |
cirr- | orange | Greek | kirros | cirrhosis |
cirr- | curl, tentacle | Latin | cirrus | cirrus |
civ- | citizen | Latin | civis | civility |
clad- | branch | Greek | (klados) | |
clar- | clear | Latin | clarus | clarity, declaration |
clast- | broken | Greek | from Greek klastos "broken" | iconoclast |
claud-, -clud-, claus-, -clus- | close | Latin | claudere | clause, exclusion |
clav- | key | Greek | from Greek kleis "key" from kleiein "to close" | conclave |
cl(e)ist- | closed | |||
cleithr- | bar, key | |||
clement- | mild | Latin | clemens, clementis | clemency, inclement |
clin- | bed, lean, recline | Latin | -clinare | declination, inclined |
cochl- | shell | Greek | ||
coel- | hollow | Greek | (koilos) | |
cogn- | know | Latin | cognitive | |
col- | strain | Latin | colare, colum | colander |
coll- | neck | Latin | collum | collar |
color- | color | Latin | color | coloration |
con-, co-, col-, com- | with, together, joined, against | Latin | cum | connect, collide, compress |
condi- | season | Latin | condire | condiment |
cono- | cone | Greek | konos | conic, conical |
cond(u)m- | protective armor | |||
contra- | against | Latin | contra | |
copro- | dung | coprolite | ||
cora(xlg)- | raven | |||
cord- | heart | Latin | cor, cordis | accord, cordial |
corn- | horn | Latin | cornu | cornucopia |
coron- | crown | Latin | corona, coronare | corona, coronation |
corpor- | body | Latin | corpus, corporis | corporation, corpse |
cortic- | bark | Latin | cortex, corticis | |
cosmet- | Greek | (kosmet-) | cosmetics, cosmetology | |
cost- | rib | Latin | costa | costal |
cotyl- | cup | Greek | (kotul-) | cotyledon |
crani- | skull | cranium | ||
crass- | thick | Latin | crassus | crassitude |
cre- | make | Latin | creare | creation, creature |
crep- | shoe | |||
cribi- | sieve | |||
cric- | ring | |||
cris-, crit- | Greek | crisis, critic | ||
crisp- | curled | Latin | crispus | |
crist- | crest | |||
crosso- | fringe, tassel | |||
cru(rals)- | shank | |||
cruc(i)- | cross | Latin | crux, crucis | crucial, crucifix, crucify |
crypt- | hidden | Greek | (kruptos) | cryptic, cryptography |
cten- | comb | |||
cub- | cube | Greek | (kubos) | cubic, cuboid |
cub- | lie | Latin | cubare | incubation |
culin- | kitchen | Latin | culina | culinary |
culp- | blame, fault | Latin | culpa | culpable, exculpate |
cune- | wedge | Latin | cuneus | cuneiform |
curr-, curs- | run | Latin | currere | concurrent, recursion |
curv- | bent | Latin | curvus | curvature |
cusp- | lance, point | Latin | cuspis, cuspidis | bicuspid |
cut(i)- | skin | Latin | cutis | cuticle |
cyan- | blue | Greek | κυανός (kuanos) | cyanide |
cycl- | circular | Greek | κύκλος (kuklos) | bicycle, cycle, cyclone |
cylind- | roll | Greek | (kulindros) | cylinder |
cyn- | dog | Greek | cynosure | |
cyst- | capsule | Greek | cystic | |
cyt- | cell | Greek | cytoplasm |
[edit] D
Prefix | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Example |
---|---|---|---|---|
dactyl- | finger | Greek | δάχτυλο, finger | dactylology |
damn-, -demn- | Latin | damnare | condemn, damnation | |
deb- | owe | Latin | debere | debit |
deci- | tenth part | Latin | decimus, tenth; from decem, ten | decibel, decimate |
deca-, dec-, deka-, dek- | ten | Greek | deka, ten | decagram, decahedron |
delt- | Greek | (delta) | deltoid | |
dem- | people | Greek | demos, people | demagogue, democracy |
den- | ten each | Latin | deni | denary |
dendr-, dendro- | resembling a tree | Greek | dendron: akin to drys, tree | dendrite |
dens- | thick | Latin | densus | condense, density |
dent- | tooth | Latin | dens, dentis | dental, dentures |
derm- | skin | Greek | δέρμα (derma) skin | hypodermic |
deuter- | second | Greek | δεύτερος (deuteros) "second" | Deuteronomy |
dexter- | right | Latin | dexter | dexterity |
dextro- | right | Greek | δεξ-, right | |
di- | two | Greek | ||
dia- | apart, through | Greek | δια | diameter |
dict- | say, speak | Latin | dictation | |
digit- | finger | Latin | digitus | digital |
dino- | terrible, fearfully great | Greek | (deinos) | dinosaur |
dipl- | Greek | diploid, diplosis | ||
doc-, doct- | teach | Latin | docere | docile, doctor |
dodec- | twelve | Greek | δωδεκα (dodeka) | dodecasyllabic |
dog-/dox- | opinion, teaching | Greek | dogmatic | |
dom- | Latin | domus | dome | |
dorm- | sleep | Latin | dormire | dormant, dormitory |
dors- | back | Latin | dorsum | dorsal |
dub- | doubtful | dubious | ||
du- | two | Latin | duo | dual |
duc-, duct- | lead | Latin | dux | abduction, conductor, introduce |
dulc- | sweet | Latin | dulcis | |
dur- | hard | Latin | durus | durable |
dy- | two | Greek | (duo) | dyad |
dys- | badly, ill | Greek | δυσ | dysentery |
dues | god | Greek |
[edit] E
Prefix | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Example |
---|---|---|---|---|
ec- | out | Greek | (ek) | eccentric |
eco- | house | Greek | (oikos) | ecology |
ecto- | outside | Greek | (ektos) | |
ed- | eat | Latin | edere | edible |
ego- | self | |||
em-, empt- | buy | Latin | emere | exemption, redeem |
embol- | thrown in | |||
eme- | vomit | Greek | (emetos) | emetic |
en- | in | Greek | (en) | |
endo- | inside | Greek | ||
engy- | narrow | Greek | ||
ennea- | nine | Greek | (ennea) | ennead, enneagon |
ensi- | sword | |||
eo- | dawn, east | Greek | ||
epi- | upon | Greek | (epi) | epicenter |
episteme- | knowledge or science | Greek | ||
equ- | even, level | Latin | aequus | equal |
equ- | horse | Latin | equus | equestrian |
erg- | work | Greek | (ergon) | ergonomics |
err- | stray | Latin | errare | aberration, errant |
eso- | within | Greek | esoteric | |
eth- | Greek | (ethos) | ||
ethm- | sieve | Greek | ||
ethn- | Greek | (ethnos) | ethnic | |
etym- | true | Greek | (etumos) | etymology |
eu- | well | Greek | (eu) | euphoria |
eur- | wide | Greek | (eurus) | |
ex-, e- | from, out of | Latin | ex | |
exo- | outside | Greek | exothermic | |
exter-, extra- | outer | Latin | exterior | |
extrem- | Latin | extremus | extremity |
[edit] F
Prefix | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Example |
---|---|---|---|---|
fab- | bean | Latin | faba | |
fac-, fact, -fect- | make | Latin | facere | factory,manufacture |
falc- | sickle | Latin | 'falx, falcis | |
fallac- | false | Latin | fallax | |
famili- | Latin | familiarity | ||
fant- | Greek | fantasy | ||
fasc(ic)- | bundle | Latin | fascis | |
fatu- | foolish, useless | Latin | fatuus | |
feder- | Latin | foedus | confederation, federal | |
fel- | cat | Latin | feles | feline |
felic- | Latin | felix | felicity | |
fell- | suck | Latin | fellare | |
femin- | Latin | femina | femininity | |
fend-, fens- | Latin | fendere | defense | |
fenestr- | window | Latin | fenestra | fenestration |
fer- | carry | Latin | ferre | reference, transfer |
feroc- | fierce | Latin | ferox | ferocity |
ferr- | iron | Latin | ferrum | |
fet- | stink | Latin | fetere | fetid |
ficar- | fig-like | Latin | ficus | |
fid- | faith, trust | Latin | fides | confide |
fil- | thread | Latin | filum | filament |
fili- | Latin | affiliate | ||
find-, fiss- | split | Latin | findere | fission |
firm- | Latin | confirmation | ||
fistul- | hollow, tube | |||
fl- | blow | Latin | flare | inflation |
flacc- | flabby | Latin | flaccus | flaccid |
flav- | yellow | Latin | flavus | |
flexu- | wavy | |||
flect-, flex- | bend | Latin | flectere | inflection |
flor- | flower | Latin | flos | floral, florid |
flu-, flux- | flow | Latin | fluere | effluent, fluency |
foc- | hearth | Latin | focus | focal |
fod-, foss- | dig | Latin | 'fodere, fossus | fossil |
foen- | hay | |||
foetid- | foul-smelling | |||
foli- | leaf | Latin | folium | defoliate |
font- | Latin | fons | ||
for- | bore | Latin | forare | perforation |
form- | shape | Latin | forma | deformity, formation |
fornic- | vault | Latin | fornix | fornication |
fort- | strong | Latin | fortis | fortification |
fovea- | shallow round depression | |||
frang-, fract-, frag- | break | Latin | frangere | fracture, fragment |
frater- | brother | Latin | frater | fraternity |
fric-, frict- | rub | Latin | friction | |
frig- | cold | Latin | frigere | frigid |
front- | Latin | frons | ||
fruct- | fruit | Latin | ||
fug- | flee | Latin | fugere | centrifuge, fugitive, refuge |
fum- | smoke | Latin | ||
fund-, fus- | pour | Latin | fundere | |
fung-, funct- | do | Latin | function | |
fur-, furt- | steal | Latin | furare | furtive |
furc- | fork | Latin | furca | bifurcation |
fusc- | dark | Latin | fuscus | obfuscation |
[edit] G
Root | Meaning in English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Example |
---|---|---|---|---|
galact- | milk | Greek | (gala) | galactic |
gastr- | stomach | Greek | (gaster) | gastric |
ge(o)- | earth | Greek | γη (gē) | geology |
gel- | icy cold | Latin | gelum | gelatin |
ger-, gest- | bear, carry | Latin | gerere | digest, gestation |
germin- | sprout | Latin | germen, germinis | germination |
glabr- | hairless | Latin | glaber | glabrous |
glaci- | ice | Latin | glacies | glacier |
gladi- | sword | Latin | gladius | gladiator |
glob- | Latin | globus | global, globule | |
glori- | glory | Latin | gloria | glorify |
glutin- | glue | Latin | gluten, glutinis | agglutination |
grad-, gress- | walk, step, go | Latin | gradus, gradere | grade, regress |
gramm- | letter | Greek | γραμμα (gramma) | grammatic |
gran- | grain | Latin | granum | granary, granule |
grand- | grand | Latin | grandis | grandiloquous |
graph- | draw, write | Greek | (graphē) | graphic, graphology |
grat- | thank, please | Latin | gratus | gratitude |
grav- | heavy | Latin | gravis | gravity |
greg- | flock | Latin | grex, gregis | gregarious, segregation |
gubern- | Latin | gubernare | gubernatorial | |
gust- | taste | Latin | gustus | gusto |
guttur- | throat | Latin | guttur | guttural |
[edit] H
Root | Meaning in English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
haem- | blood | Greek | (haima) | haemophilia |
hal- | salt | Greek | (hals) | halogen |
hal-, -hel- | breathe | Latin | halare | anhelation, inhale |
hapl- | simple | Greek | (haplos) | haploid |
haur, haust | draw | Latin | haurire | exhaust |
heli- | sun | Greek | helium | |
hemi- | half | Greek | ήμισυς (hemisus) | hemisphere |
hen- | one | Greek | (hen) | henad, hyphen |
hendec- | eleven | Greek | (hendeka) | hendecagon |
hept- | seven | Greek | (hepta) | heptagon |
her-, hes- | cling | Latin | haerere | adhesive, coherent |
herb- | Latin | herba | herbicide | |
herp- | creep | Greek | herpetology | |
heter(o)- | different, other | Greek | (heteros) | |
heur- | find | Greek | heuristic | |
hex- | six | Greek | (hex) | hexagon |
hibern- | wintry | Latin | hibernus | hibernation |
hiem- | winter | Latin | hiems | hiemal |
hipp- | horse | Greek | (hippos) | hippodrome |
hirsu[t]- | hairy | Latin | hirtus, hirsutus | |
hispid- | bristly | Latin | hispidus | |
histri- | actor | histrionic | ||
hod- | way | Greek | (hodos) | cathode |
hol- | whole | Greek | (holos) | holistic |
hom(o)- | same | Greek | (homos) | |
homeo- | like | Greek | (homoios) | |
homin- | human | Latin | homo | hominid |
homal- | even, flat | Greek | (homalos) | anomalous |
horm- | that which excites | Greek | hormone | |
hort- | garden | Latin | hortus | horticulture |
hum- | ground | Latin | humus | exhumation |
hyal- | glass | Greek | (hualos) | hyaline, hyaloid |
hydr(o)- | water | Greek | hydrology | |
hygr- | wet | Greek | (hugros) | hygrology |
hyo- | U-shaped | Greek | ||
hyp(o)- | under | Greek | (hupo) | hyphen |
hyper- | above, over | Greek | (huper) | |
hypn- | sleep | Greek | (hupnos) | hypnosis |
hyster- | later | Greek | (husteros) | hysteresis |
[edit] I
Root | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Example |
---|---|---|---|---|
ichth- | fish | Greek | (ichthus) | ichthyology |
icos- | twenty | Greek | (eikosi) | icosagon, icosahedron |
id(o)- | shape | Greek | (eidos) | idol |
idi(o) | personal | Greek | (idios) | idiom, idiosyncrasy, idiot |
ign- | fire | Latin | ignis | igneous, ignition |
in- (1), im- | in, on | Latin | in | invite, incur, intend |
in- (2), il-, im-, ir- | in, un- (negation) | Latin | in- | illicit, impossible, inimical, irrational |
infra- | under | Latin | infra | infrastructure |
insul- | island | Latin | insula | insular, insulation |
inter- | among, between | Latin | inter (preposition) - among, between | intermission, intercollegiate, intercourse |
intra- | within | Latin | intra | intracollegiate |
irasc-, irat- | be angry | Latin | irasci | irascible, irate |
is(o)- | equal, the same | Greek | (isos) | isomorphic, isometric |
-(i)tat- | property of, quality of | Latin | quality, liberty | |
iter- | again | Latin | iterum | iteration |
itin- | route, way | Latin | iter, itinis - march, journey | itinerary |
[edit] J
Root | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Example |
---|---|---|---|---|
jac- | lie | Latin | jacēre "to be thrown" | adjacent |
jac- (originally IAC), -ject- | cast, throw | Latin | iacio, iacere, ieci, iectus - "to throw" (and cognates thereof) | eject, interject, ejaculate, trajectory |
jan- | door | Latin | janua | janitor |
joc- | joke | Latin | jocus | jocularity |
jug- | yoke | Latin | jugare, jugum | conjugal, subjugate |
junct- | join | Latin | jungere, junctus | conjunction, juncture |
junior- | younger | Latin | junior | juniority |
jus-, jur, judic (originally IVS) | law, justice | Latin | ius, iuris; iudex, iudicis; iusticia, iusticiae, etc. | justice, jury, judge |
juv-, jut- | help | Latin | juvare | adjutant |
juven- | young, youth | Latin | juvenis | juvenile, rejuvenate |
juxta- | beside, near | Latin | juxta | juxtaposition |
[edit] K
Root | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Example |
---|---|---|---|---|
kil(o)- | thousand | Greek | chilioi | kilogram, kilometer, kilobyte |
kine- | movement, motion | Greek | telekinesis, kinetic energy, kinesthetic | |
klept- | steal | Greek | (kleptēs) | kleptomania |
kudo- | glory | Greek | (kudos) | kudos |
[edit] L
Root | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
lab-, laps- | slide, slip | Latin | labi, lapsus | elapse, relapse |
labi- | lip | Latin | labia, labiae | bilabial, labial |
labor- | toil | Latin | labor | collaboration, elaboration |
lacer- | tear | Latin | lacer | laceration |
lacrim- | cry, tears | Latin | lacrima "tear" | lacrimal, lacrimous |
lact- | of or pertaining to milk | Latin | lac, lactare | lactate, lactation, lactose |
lamin- | layer, slice | Latin | lamina | laminate, lamination |
lamp- | shine | Greek | lampas "torch" | lamp |
lapid- | stone | Latin | lapis | lapidary |
larg- | Latin | largus | enlargement | |
larv- | ghost, mask | Latin | larva | larva, larvae, larval |
lat(i)- | broad, wide | Latin | latus | latitude |
later- | side | Latin | latus | bilateral |
laud-, laus- | praise | Latin | laudere | laud |
lav- | wash | Latin | lavare | lavatory |
lax- | Latin | laxus, laxare | laxative, relaxation | |
led-, les- | hurt | Latin | laedere, laesus | lesion |
leni- | gentle | Latin | lenis, lenire | leniency |
leon- | lion | Latin | leo, leonis "lion" | Leo, leonine, Leopold |
lep- | flake, scale | Greek | lepis | Lepidoptera |
leuc(o)-, leuk(o) | white | Greek | leukos | leucocyte |
lev- | lift, light | Latin | levis "light" (in weight), levare | elevator, levitation |
liber- | free | Latin | liber, liberare | liberation |
libr- | book | Latin | liber | library |
lig- | bind | Latin | ligare | ligament, ligature |
lin- | line | Latin | linea | linearity, line |
lingu- | language, tongue | Latin | lingua tongue, language | bilingual, linguistic |
linqu-, lict- | leave | Latin | linquere | relict, relinquish |
lip(o)- | fat | Greek | lipos | lipolysis |
liter- | letter | Latin | littera | alliteration, literal, obliterate |
lith(o)- | stone | Greek | lithos "stone" | monolith, Neolithic Era, lithosphere |
loc- | place | Latin | locus | local, location |
log- | thought, word | Greek | logos "word" | monologue, logic, morphological |
long- | Latin | longus | elongate, longitude | |
loqu-, locut- | speak | Latin | loqui | allocution, eloquent |
luc- | bright, light | Latin | lux, lucis light | Lucifer (bearer of light) |
lud-, lus- | play | Latin | ludere | allude, illusion |
lumin- | light | Latin | lumen | illumination, luminous |
lun- | moon | Latin | luna "moon" | lunar, lunatic |
[edit] M
Root | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
macr- | long | Greek | μακρός (makros) | macron |
magn- | great, large | Latin | magnus, magna, magnum - great, large | magnificent, magnanimous, majesty (from the comparative, MAJ (originally MAI)) |
maj- | greater | Latin | major, majus | majority, majuscule |
mal- | bad, wretched | Latin | malus, mala, malum - bad, wretched | malicious, malign |
mamm- | breast | Latin | mamma | mammary, mammal |
man- | flow | Latin | manare | emanate |
man- | stay | Latin | manere | permanent, remanent |
mand- | hand | Latin | mandare, mandavi, mandatus | mandate, remand |
manu- | hand | Latin | manus | manual, manuscript |
mar- | sea | Latin | mare, maris - sea | marine, maritime |
mater-, matr- | mother | Latin | mater, matris | matrix |
maxim- | greatest | Latin | maximus | maximal |
medi-, -midi- | middle | Latin | medius | median, medieval |
meg- | great, large | Greek | (megas) | megaphone |
mei- | Greek | meiosis | ||
melan- | black, dark | Greek | μέλας (melas) | Melanesia, melanoma |
melior- | better | Latin | melior | amelioration |
mell- | honey | Latin | mel, mellis | mellifluous |
mening- | membrane | Greek | (meninx) | |
ment- | mind | Latin | mens, mentis | demented, mentality |
mer- | part | Greek | (meros) | polymer |
merc- | Latin | merx, mercis | mercantile, merchant | |
merg-, mers- | dip, plunge | Latin | mergere | emerge, immersion |
mes- | middle | Greek | (mesos) | mesolithic, mesozoic |
meter-, metr- | measure | Greek | (metron) | metric, thermometer |
meta- | above, among, beyond | Greek | (meta) | metaphysics |
micr- | small | Greek | (mikros) | microphone, microscope |
milit- | soldier | Latin | miles, militis | military, militia |
mill- | thousand | Latin | mille | millennium, million |
millen- | thousand each | Latin | milleni | millenary |
mim- | Greek | (mimos) | mime, mimic | |
min- | less, smaller | Latin | minor, minus | minority, minuscule |
mir- | wonder, amazement | Latin | miror, mirari, miratus sum - I wonder at | miracle, mirror, admire |
mis- | hate | Greek | (misos) | misandry, misogyny |
misce-, mixt- | mix | Latin | miscere | miscellaneous, mixture |
mit- | thread | Greek | (mitos) | mitochondrion |
mitt-, miss- | send | Latin | mittere | intermittent, transmission |
mne- | Greek | mnemonic | ||
mol- | grind | Latin | mola | molar |
moll- | soft | Latin | mollis | emollient, mollify |
mon(o)- | one | Greek | (monos) | monolith, monotone, monism |
mont- | mountain | Latin | mons, montis | Montana |
morph- | form, shape | Greek | (morphe) | morpheme, anthropomorphic, morphology |
mort- | death | Latin | mors, mortis | immortal, mortality |
mov-, mot- | move, motion | Latin | moveo, movere, moti, motus; motor, motoris | move, motor, momentum |
mulg-, muls- | milk | Latin | mulgere | emulsion |
mult(i)- | many, much | Latin | multus | multitude, multiple, multiplex |
mur- | wall | Latin | murus | mural |
mus- | thief | Latin | musca, muscae; mus, muris | mouse |
mut- | change | Latin | mutare | mutation |
my- | mouse | Greek | (mus) | |
myri- | countless, ten thousand | Greek | (murios) | myriad |
myth- | story | Greek | (muthos) | mythic, mythology |
myx- | slime | Greek | (muxa) |
meno- moon
mica- grain (Latin) e.g. 'micelle'
monil- string of beads
myo- muscle, mouse
myz- sucker
[edit] N
Root | Meaning in English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
nar- | nostril | Latin | naris | ||
narc- | numb | Greek | narcosis, narcotic | ||
narr- | tell | Latin | narrare | narrative | |
nas- | nose | Latin | nasus | nasal | |
nasc-, nat- | born | Latin | nascere, natus | nascent, native | |
naut- | ship | Greek | (naus) | astronaut | |
nav- | ship | Latin | navis | naval | |
ne(o)- | new | Greek | (neos) | ||
necr(o)- | dead | Greek | (nekros) | ||
nect-, nex- | join, tie | Latin | nectere, nexus | connection | |
necto- bananas | |||||
neg- | say no | Latin | negare | negative | |
nema- | hair | Greek | |||
nemoral- in woods | |||||
nephr- | kidney | Greek | nephritis | ||
nes- | island | Greek | (nesos) | Polynesia | |
neur- | nerve | Greek | (neuron) | ||
nict- | wink | Latin | nictari | nictation | |
nigr- | black | Latin | niger | denigrate | |
nihil- | nothing | Latin | nihilum | annihilation | |
noct- | night | Latin | nox, noctis | nocturnal | |
nod- | knot | Latin | nodus | node, nodule | |
nom- | arrangement, law | Greek | (nomos) | ||
nomad- | Greek | (nomas) | nomadic | ||
nomin- | name | Latin | nomen, nominis | nomination | |
non- | not | Latin | non | ||
non- | ninth | Latin | nonus | nonary | |
nonagen- | ninety each | Latin | nonageni | nonagenary | |
nonagesim- | ninetieth | Latin | nonagesimus | nonagesimal | |
noth- | spurious | ||||
noto- | back, south | Greek | (noton) | ||
nov- | nine | Latin | novem | novennial | |
nov- | new | Latin | novus | innovation, nova | |
noven- | nine each | Latin | noveni | novenary | |
novendec- | nineteen | Latin | novendecim | ||
nu- | nod | Latin | |||
nub- | Latin | nubes, nubis | |||
nuc- | nut | Latin | nux, nucis | ||
nuch- back of neck | |||||
nud- | naked | Latin | nudus | denude, nudity | |
null(i)- | none | Latin | nullus | nullify | |
numer- | number | Latin | numerus | numeral | |
nunti- | Latin | nuntius | |||
nupti- | Latin | ||||
nutri- | nourish | Latin | nutrient |
[edit] O
Root | Meaning in English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
oct- | eight | Greek | (oktō) | octagon, octahedron |
oct- | eight | Latin | octo | octangular, octennial, octovir |
octav- | eighth | Latin | octavus | octaval |
octogen- | eighty each | Latin | octogeni | octogenary |
octogesim- | eightieth | Latin | octogesimus | octogesimal |
octon- | eight each | Latin | octoni | octonary |
ocul- | eye | Latin | oculus | ocular |
od- | hate | Latin | odium | odious |
-ode- | path, way | Greek | anode, odometer | |
odont- | tooth | Greek | (odous) | odontology |
odor- fragrant | ||||
oecious- | house of | Greek | (oikos) | |
oed- | swollen | |||
oen- | wine | Greek | (oinos) | |
oesoph- | gullet | Greek | (oisophagos) | |
ogdo- | eighth | Greek | (ogdoos) | |
-oid | like | Greek | (-oeides) | |
olecran- skull of elbow | ||||
ole- | oily | Latin | ||
olig- | few | Greek | (oligos) | oligarchy |
oliv- | olive | Latin | oliva | |
-ology | study of | Greek | ||
-oma | cancer | Greek | ||
omas- | paunch | Latin | omasum | |
oment- | fat skin | Latin | omentum | |
omin- | Latin | omen, ominis | ominous | |
omm- | eye | |||
omni- | all | Latin | omnis | omnipotence |
omo- shoulder | ||||
omphal- | navel | Greek | omphalectomy | |
oner- | burden | Latin | onus, oneris | onerous |
onom- | name | Greek | όνομα (onoma) | onomatopoeia |
ont- | existing | Greek | ontology | |
-onym | name | Greek | (-onum) | pseudonym |
oo- | egg | Greek | (oion) | |
opac- | shady | Latin | opacus | opacity |
oper- | work | Latin | opus, operis | opera |
opt- | choose | Latin | optare | optional |
optim- | best | Latin | optimus | optimum |
op(t)- eye | ||||
operculum- little cover | ||||
ophi- snake | ||||
ophthalm- | eye | Greek | (ophthalmos) | ophthalmology |
opisth- | behind | Greek | ||
opoter- either | ||||
or- | mouth | Latin | os, oris | oral, orator |
orb- | circle | Latin | orbis | orbit |
orch- testicle | ||||
ordin- | Latin | ordo, ordinis | ordinal, ordinary | |
ori- | Eastern | Latin | oriri | orient |
orn- | Latin | ornare | ornament, ornate | |
ornith- | bird | Greek | ornithology | |
orth- | straight | Greek | (orthos) | orthosis |
os(ti)- | mouth | |||
os(s/t)- | bone | osteoporosis | ||
oscill- | swing | Latin | oscillation | |
ostrac- | shell | Greek | ostracize | |
ot- | ear | Greek | otology | |
ov- | egg | Latin | ovum | oval, ovule |
ovi- | sheep | Latin | ovis | ovine |
oxy- | sharp, pointed | Greek | (oxus) | oxymoron |
[edit] P
Root | Meaning in English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
pac- | peace | Latin | pax, pacis | pacify, pacifist |
pach- | thick | Greek | (pachus) | pachydermata |
paed- | child | Greek | (pais, paidos) | paediatric |
pagin- | page | Latin | pagina | pagination |
pal- | stake | Latin | palus | impale |
palae-, pale- | ancient, old | Greek | (palaios) | paleontology |
palin- | back | Greek | (palin) | palindrome |
pall- | pale | Latin | pallere | pallid, pallor |
palli- | mantle | Latin | pallium | |
palustri- in marshes | ||||
pan-, pam- | all | Greek | pas | |
pand-, pans- | spread | Latin | pandere, pansus | expand, expansion |
par(a)- | beside, near | Greek | (para) | parallel, parameter |
pariet- | wall | Latin | paries, parietis | parietal |
part(i)- | part | Latin | pars, partis | partition |
parv- | little | Latin | parvus | |
pass- | pace, step | Latin | passus | |
pat- | be open | Latin | patere | patent |
path- | Greek | pathetic, pathology | ||
patr- | father | Latin | pater, patris | |
pauc- | Latin | paucus | paucity | |
pav- | Latin | pavement | ||
pecc- | sin | Latin | peccare | impeccable |
pect- | fixed | Greek | pectin | |
pector- | chest | Latin | pectus, pectoris | pectoral |
pectin- | comb-like | |||
pecun- | Latin | pecunia | pecuniary | |
ped- | child | Greek | (pais, paidos) | pedagogy |
ped- | foot | Latin | pes, pedis | pedal |
pejor- | worse | Latin | pejor | pejorative |
pel-, puls- | drive | Latin | pellere | propellent, propulsion |
pen- | almost | Latin | paene | peninsula, penultimate, penumbra |
pend-, pens- | hang | Latin | pendere | suspend |
penia- | deficiency | Latin | ||
penn-, pinn- | feather | Latin | penna | pennate |
pent- | five | Greek | (pente) | pentagon |
pentecost- | fiftieth | Greek | (pentekostos) | pentecostalism |
pept- | Greek | peptic | ||
per- | thoroughly, through | Latin | per | perfect |
peran- | across, beyond | Greek | ||
peri- | around | Greek | perimeter, periscope | |
persic- | peach | |||
pessim- | worst | Latin | ||
pet- | Latin | petere | appetite, competition | |
petr- | rock | Greek | (petra) | petroglyph |
phaeo- dark | ||||
phag- eat | ||||
phalan(g/x)- close formation of troops | ||||
phalar- shining | ||||
phanero- visible Greek | ||||
pher- | bear, carry | Greek | pheromone | |
philia- | love, friendship | Greek | ||
phleg- | Greek | |||
phloe- tree bark | ||||
phob- | fear | Greek | (phobos) | |
phon- | sound | Greek | (phone) | microphone, phonograph |
phor- | carry | Greek | (phoros) | metaphor |
phos-, phot- | light | Greek | photograph | |
phragm- | fence | Greek | (phragma) | diaphragm |
phren- diaphragm, mind | ||||
phryno- toad, toad-like | ||||
phyl- | tribe | |||
phyll- | leaf | Greek | (phullon) | |
physa- bladder | ||||
phys- | nature | Greek | physics | |
phyt- | plant | Greek | (phuton) | neophyte |
pic- | pitch | Latin | pix, picis | |
pil- | hair | Latin | ||
pin- | pine | Latin | ||
ping-, pict- | paint | Latin | pingere | picture |
pino- | drink | Greek | pinocytosis | |
pir- | pear | Latin | ||
pisc- | fish | Latin | piscis | Pisces |
pisum- pea | ||||
plac- | plate, tablet | Greek | ||
plac- | Latin | placare | placate | |
plac- | Latin | placere | placid | |
plagi- | oblique | Greek | (plagios) | |
plan- | flat | Latin | planus | explanation, planar |
plang- | Latin | plangere | plangent | |
plas- | mould | Greek | plasma, plastic | |
platy- | flat, broad | Greek | (platus) | platypus |
plaud-, plaus- | clap | Latin | plaudere, plausus | applaud |
ple-, plet- | fill | Latin | plere | complete, suppletive |
pleb- | Latin | plebs, plebis | plebian | |
plect-, plex- | plait | Latin | plectere | |
plen- | full | Latin | plenus | plenary |
plesi- | near | Greek | (plēsios) | |
pleth- | full | Greek | (plēthos) | plethora |
pleur- | side | Greek | pleura | |
plex- | interwoven | Greek | (plexis) | |
plic- | fold | Latin | plicare | duplication, replicate |
plinth- | brick | Greek | (plinthos) | |
plor- | Latin | plorare | implore | |
plu- | rain | Latin | ||
plum- | feather | Latin | pluma | plumage |
plumb- | lead | Latin | plumbum | |
plur- | Latin | plural | ||
plurim- | most | Latin | plurimus | |
plus- | more | Latin | plus | |
pluvi- | rain | Latin | ||
pneu- | air, lung | Greek | pneumatic | |
pod- | foot | Greek | (pous, podos) | podiatry, tripod |
pogo- beard | ||||
poie- | make | Greek | poiesis | |
pol- | city | Greek | (polis) | metropolis, politics |
pol- | pole | Greek | (polos) | dipole |
pol- | pole | Latin | polus | polar |
polem- | war | Greek | (polemos) | polemic |
poli(o)- | grey | Greek | (polios) | |
pollic- | thumb | Latin | pollex, pollicis | |
pollin- | Latin | pollen, pollinis | pollinate | |
poly- | many | Greek | (polus) | polygon |
pon-, posit- | put | Latin | ponere | position, postpone |
ponder- | weight | Latin | pondus, ponderis | ponderable |
pont- | bridge | Latin | pons, pontis | |
popul- | people | Latin | populus | population |
por- | passage | Greek | (poros) | pore |
porc- | pig | Latin | porcus | porcine, pork |
porphyr- | purple | |||
port- | gate | Latin | porta | portal |
port- | carry | Latin | portare | export, transportation |
post- | after, behind | Latin | post | |
pot- | drink | Latin | potare | potable |
potam- | river | Greek | (potamos) | |
praeco- | early | |||
prasin- | leek-green | Greek | (prasinos) | prasinous |
prat- | meadow | Latin | pratum | |
prav- | crooked | Latin | pravus | depravity |
pre- | before | Latin | prae | |
prec- | pray | Latin | prex, precare | deprecation |
pred- | Latin | praedari | predator | |
prehend-, prend- | grasp | Latin | prehendere | comprehend |
prem-, -prim-, press- | press | Latin | premere | pressure |
presb- | old | Greek | (presbus) | Presbyterianism |
preter- | past | Latin | praeter | |
preti- | price | Latin | pretium | |
prim- | first | Latin | primus | primary, primitive |
prior- | former | Latin | prior | priority |
priv- | Latin | privare | ||
pro- | before, in front of | Greek | (pro) | |
pro- | for, forward | Latin | pro | propulsion |
prob- | try | Latin | probare | probation |
proct- | anus | Greek | (proktos) | proctology |
proliger- bear offspring | ||||
propri- | Latin | proprius | appropriate | |
pros(o)- | forward | Greek | (pros) | |
prot(o)- | first | Greek | (protos) | protoplasm |
proxim- | nearest | Latin | proximus | proximity |
prun- | plum | Latin | prunus | prune |
psamma- | sand | Greek | (psammos) | |
pseud(o)- | false | Greek | (pseudos) | pseudonym |
psil(o)- | bare | Greek | (psilos) | epsilon |
psych(o)- | mind | Greek | (psychē) | |
psychr(o)- | cold | Greek | (psuchros) | |
pter- | wing, fern | Greek | (pteron) | helicopter |
pto- | fall | Greek | ptosis | |
ptyal- sahva | ||||
ptych- | fold, layer | Greek | (ptuchē) | triptych |
pubi- sexually mature | ||||
public- | Latin | publicus | publication | |
pude- | Latin | pudere | impudent | |
pugn- | fight | Latin | pugnare | pugnacious |
pulchr- | Latin | pulcher | ||
pulmon- | lung | Latin | pulmo, pulmonis | pulmonary |
pulver- | dust | Latin | pulvis, pulveris | pulverize |
pung-, punct- | prick | Latin | pungere | puncture, pungent |
puni | Latin | punure | ||
pup- | doll | Latin | pupa | |
pur- | pure | Latin | purus | impure, purity |
purg- | Latin | purgare | expurgate, purgatory | |
purpur- | purple | Latin | purpura | |
put- | Latin | putare | compute, putative | |
pygo- rump | ||||
pyl- | gate | Greek | (pulon) | pylon |
pyo- | pus | |||
pyr- | heat, fire | Greek | ||
pyrus- | pear |
[edit] Q
Root | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
quadr- | four | Latin | quattuor | quadrangle |
quadragen- | forty each | Latin | quadrageni | quadragenary |
quadragesim- | fortieth | Latin | quadragesimus | quadragesimal |
quart- | fourth | Latin | quartus | quartary, quartile |
quasi- | as if | Latin | quasi | |
quatern- | four each | Latin | quaterni | quaternary, quaternion |
quati-, quass- | shake | Latin | quatere | |
quer-, -quir-, quesit-, -quisit- | search, seek | Latin | quaerere | Inquisition, query |
qui- | Latin | quies | quiet | |
quin- | five each | Latin | quini | quinary |
quindecim- | fifteenth | Latin | quindecimus | quindecimal |
quinden- | fifteen each | Latin | quindeni | quindenary |
quinque- | five | Latin | quinque | quinquennium |
quint- | fifth | Latin | quintus | quintary, quintile |
quo- | Latin | quota, quotient |
[edit] R
Root | Meaning in English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Example |
---|---|---|---|---|
rach- | spine | Greek | (rhachis) | |
rad-, ras- | scrape, shave | Latin | radere | abrasion |
radi- | beam | Latin | radius | radiation |
radic- | root | Latin | radix | radical |
ram- | branch | Latin | ramus | ramification, ramose |
ran- | frog | Latin | rana | |
ranc- | Latin | rancid | ||
rap- | turnip | Latin | rapum | |
raph- | seam | Greek | ||
rar- | Latin | rarus | rarity | |
re-, red- | again, back | Latin | recede, redact | |
rect- | straight | Latin | erect | |
reg-, -rig-, rect- | straight | Latin | dirigible | |
rem- | oar | Latin | remus | |
ren- | kidney | Latin | renes | renal |
rep-, rept- | crawl, creep | Latin | repere | reptile |
ret- | net | Latin | rete | |
retic- network | ||||
retina- little net | ||||
retro- | behind, backward | Latin | ||
rhabd- | rod | Greek | (rhabdos) | |
rhach- | spine | Greek | (rhachis) | |
rhage- | tear, rent | |||
rhe- | flow | Greek | rheostat | |
rhin- | nose, snout | Greek | rhinoplasty | |
rhiz- | root | Greek | (rhiza) | rhizome |
rhod- | red | Greek | rhododendron | |
rhomb- | Greek | rhombus | ||
rhynch- | snout | |||
-rrh- flow | ||||
rid-, ris- | laugh | Latin | ridere | derision, ridicule |
roborem- oak tree, strength | ||||
rod-, ros- | gnaw | Latin | rodere | corrode, erosion, rodent |
rog- | ask | Latin | rogare | interrogation |
rogos- | wrinkled | |||
rostr- | beak, prow | Latin | rostrum | |
rot- | wheel | Latin | rota | rotation |
rub(e)r- | red | Latin | ruber | |
rug- | wrinkle | Latin | ruga | corrugation |
rumin- | throat | Latin | rumen | rumination |
rump-, rupt- | break | Latin | rumpere | rupture |
rur- | Latin | rus | rural |
[edit] S
sapien- thinking, wise, knowing
sacchar- sugar
saccul- little sac
sacr-, secr- sacred Latin sacer consecrate, sacrament
sagac- Latin sagax
sagitt- arrow Latin Sagittarius
sal- salt Latin sals salinity
sali- jump Latin resilient, salient, saltus
salv- save Latin salvation
sanct- holy Latin sanctify
sanguin- bloody Latin sanguis sanguine
sapi-, sipi- Latin sapient
sapon- soap Latin
sarc- flesh Greek (sarx)
sativus- cultivated
saur- lizard, reptile Greek dinosaur
saxum-rock
scala- ladder Latin scala
scalene- uneven Greek
scaph- anything hollow, bowl, ship
schem- Greek (schema) schematic
schis- split Greek schism
sci- know Latin prescient, science
scind-, sciss- split Latin scissors
scler- hard Greek (skler-) scleroderma
scoli- crooked Greek (skolios) scoliosis
scop-, scopy, scept- look at, examine, view, observe Greek
scrib-, script- write Latin scripture
scut- shield
scyph- cup
seba- tallow, wax
sec-, sect-, seg- cut Latin secare secant, section, segment
sed-, sid- sit Latin sediment, supersede
sedec- Latin sedecimal
segetum- in cornfields
sei- shake Greek (seismos) seismograph
selen- moon Greek
sella- saddle, seat
sema- Greek (sema) semantics, semaphore
semi- half Latin
semin- seed Latin semen insemination
sen- old man Latin senex senator, senility
sen- six each Latin seni senary
sept- seven, wall Latin
septim- seventh Latin septimus
septuagen- seventy Latin septuageni septuagenary
sequ- follow Latin sequence
ser(olu)- any body fluid
serot- late
serp- crawl Latin
serr- saw, saw-toothed Latin serra serration
set- hair
sex-, se- six Latin sex semester, sexangle
sexagen- sixty each Latin sexageni sexagenary
sext- sixth Latin sextus sextant
sibil- hiss Latin sibilance
sicc- dry Latin desiccate
sider- Latin sidus
sign- Latin signum signal
silv- forest Latin
simi- ape, monkey Latin simian
simil- Latin similis assimilate, similarity
sinistr- left Latin sinister
sinu- Latin insinuate
sinus- hollow, bay
sipho- tube
sol- sun solar
solen- pipe, channel Greek solenoid
solv-, solut- Latin
soma- body Greek (soma) somatic
somn- sleep Latin somnus
son- sound Latin resonance
soph- Greek (sophos) sophist
sord- dirt Latin
soror- sister Latin sorority
spas- hope
spec-, spect- look, see Latin specimen
specios- showy
specto- watch, to look at
sper- hope Latin desperation
sperm- seed Greek (sperma)
sphen- wedge
spher- Greek (sphaira) spheroid
sphinct- closing
spic- spike Latin
spinos- spiny
spondyl- vertebra
spu- spew Latin
squalid- squalid
squam- scale
squarros- spreading at tips
st- stand Latin stare stable, station, status
stalact- Greek (stalaktites) stalactite
stalagm- Greek (stalagmos) stalagmite
stae(rlt)- fat
stann- tin Latin
statu-, stitu- Latin
steg- covering Greek steganography
stell- star Latin constellation, stellar
sten- narrow Greek (stenos) stenography
stere- solid Greek (stereos)
steril- sterile
stern- breastbone
stich- line, row Greek (stichos)
stig- Greek stigma
stingu-, stinct- Latin distinguish
stoch- aim Greek
stom- mouth Greek
strat- layer
strept- twisted
string-, strict- upright, stiff Latin
strigos- having stiff bristles
stroph- turning Greek
stupor- wonder
styl- column
sub- below
sucr- sugar
sulc- furrow
super- beyond
supin- lying back
supra- above
sutur- seam
sym- with
syn-, sy-, syl-, sym- with Greek (sum) symbol, system
syrin(glx)- pipe
sys- with
[edit] T
Root
tac-, -tic- silent Latin reticent, tacit
tach- swift Greek (tachus) tachometer
tachy- heavy[1]
taenia- ribbon
tag-, tact- Latin
talus- ankle Latin
tang-, -ting-, tact-, tag- touch Latin tangent
tapetum- carpet
tard- slow Latin tardus retard, tardy
tarsus- ankle tarsal
taur- bull Greek (tauros) Minotaur
taur- bull Latin taurus Taurus
tax- arrangement, order Greek (taxis) taxonomy
techn- Greek (techne) technology
teg-, tect- cover Latin tegere protection
tegmen- covering
tel- far, end Greek telephone
teleo- complete
temno- cut Greek
tempor- time Latin tempus, temporis temporary
ten-, -tin- hold Latin tenere continent, tenacious
tenacul- holding
tend-, tens- stretch Latin tendere extend, extension
tentor- spread like a tent
tenu- slender, thin Latin tenuis attenuate, tenuous
tep- warm Latin tepere tepid
ter-, trit- rub Latin terere attrition
teres- round
terg- wipe Latin detergent
termin- Latin terminus termination
tern- three each Latin terni ternary
terr- Latin terra
terti- third Latin tertius tertiary
test- witness Latin testis testimony
tetr- four Greek (tetra-) tetrahedron
tex- weave Latin texere texture
textilis- of textiles
thalam- chamber, bed
thalass- sea Greek
than- death Greek euthanasia
the- put Greek (tithemi) theme, thesis
theca- case Greek
thel- nipple, female
the- god
therm- heat Greek (thermos) thermometer
thero- breast, mammal
thus- Greek enthusiasm
thyreo- large shield
tinctori- of dyes
tom- cut Greek ectomy
ton- stretch Greek
top- place Greek (topos) topic, topography
torn- cut
torpe- numb
torqu-, tort- twist Latin torquere extortion, torque, torture
tot- all, whole Latin totus total
toxo- arrow, dart
trab- beam
trachy- rough
trago- goat
trah-, tract- pull Latin trahere subtrahend, tractor
trans-, tra-, tran- across Latin tradition, transcend, transportation
trapez- four-sided, table Greek (trapeza) trapezoid
traum- Greek traumatic
trecent- three hundred Latin trecenti
tredec- thirteen Latin tredecim
treiskaidek- thirteen Greek triskaidekaphobia
trem- tremble Latin tremor
trema- hole
tremulans- trembling
tri- three Greek (treis, tria) triad, trigon
tri- three Latin tres triangle, trivia
trich- hair Greek (thrix)
troch- wheel
trop- turning Greek tropic
troph- feed Greek
trud-, trus- thrust Latin trudere extrusion, intrude
tuss- cough Latin tussis pertussis
tympan- drum Greek (tumpan-) tympani
[edit] U
Root | Meaning in English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
uber- | udder | Latin | uber, uberare | exuberant |
ulig- | in marshes | Latin | ||
ulo- | wooly | Greek | ||
ultim- | farthest | Latin | ultimus | ultimate |
ultra- | beyond | Latin | ultra | |
umbilic- | navel | Latin | umbilicus | |
umbr- | shade, shadow | Latin | umbra | penumbra, umbrella |
un-, uni- | one | Latin | unus, unius | unary, union |
unc- | hooked | Latin | uncus | |
und- | wave | Latin | unda | abundant, undulate |
undecim- | eleventh | Latin | undecimus | undecimal |
unden- | eleven each | Latin | undeni | undenary |
ungui- | claw, nail | Latin | unguis | |
ungul- | claw, hoof | Latin | ungula | ungulate |
ur-, uro- | tail | Greek | (oura) | uroid |
urb- | city | Latin | urbs, urbis | urban |
urg- | Latin | urgere | urgent | |
urs- | bear | Latin | ursus | Ursa Major, ursine |
ut-, us- | use | Latin | uti, usus | utility |
uv- | grape | Latin | uva | |
uxor- | wife | Latin | uxor |
[edit] V
Root | Meaning in English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
vac- | empty | Latin | vacare | vacancy, vacation, vacuum |
vad-, vas- | go | Latin | vadere | evade, pervasive |
vag- | wander | Latin | vagus, vagare | vague |
van- | Latin | vanus | vanity | |
vap- | Latin | evaporation, vapid | ||
veh-, vect- | carry | Latin | vehere, vectus | vehicle, vector |
vel- | veil | Latin | velum | revelation, velate |
vell-, vuls- | pull | Latin | vellere, vulsus | convulsion |
veloc- | quick | Latin | velox, velocis | velocity |
ven- | vein | Latin | vena | venosity |
ven- | hunt | Latin | venari | venison |
ven-, vent- | come | Latin | venire | advent, convention |
vend- | sell | Latin | vendere | vendor |
vener- | Latin | venus | veneration, venereal | |
vent- | wind | Latin | ventus | ventilation |
ventr- | belly | Latin | venter | ventral |
ver- | true | Latin | verus | verify, verity |
verb- | word | Latin | verbum | verbal, verbosity |
verber- | whip | Latin | verber | reverberation |
verm- | worm | Latin | vermis | vermiform |
vern- | spring | Latin | ver, vernus | vernal |
vert-, vers- | turn | Latin | vertere, versus | convert, inversion |
vesic- | bladder | Latin | vesica | vesical |
vesper- | evening, western | Latin | ||
vest- | clothe, garment | Latin | vestis | divest, vest |
vestig- | Latin | vestigium | investigate | |
vet- | forbid | Latin | vetare | veto |
veter- | old | Latin | vetus | veteran |
vi- | way | Latin | via | deviate, obvious |
vic- | change | Latin | vicis | vice versa, vicissitude |
vicen-, vigen- | twenty each | Latin | viceni | vicenary |
vicesim-, vigesim- | twentieth | Latin | vecesimus | vicesimary, vigesimal |
vid-, vis- | see | Latin | videre | video, vision |
vil- | cheap | Latin | vilis | vile, vilify |
vill- | shaggy hair, velvet | Latin | villus | villiform |
vin- | wine | Latin | vinum | vinous |
vinc-, vict- | conquer | Latin | vincere, victus | invincible, victory |
vir- | man | Latin | vir | virility |
vir- | green | Latin | virere | virid |
visc- | Latin | viscum | viscosity | |
viscer- | organs of body cavity | Latin | viscus, visceris | visceral |
vit- | life | Latin | vita | vital |
vitell- | yolk | Latin | vitellus | |
viti- | Latin | vitium | vice, vitiate | |
vitr- | glass | Latin | vitrum | vitreous |
viv- | live | Latin | vivere | revive, survive, vivid |
voc- | voice | Latin | vox | vocal |
vol- | fly | Latin | volare | volatility |
vol- | wish | Latin | velle | volition |
volv-, volut- | roll | Latin | volvere, volutus | convolution, revolve |
vom- | Latin | vomere | vomit | |
vor-, vorac- | swallow | Latin | vorare, vorax | devour, voracious |
vov-, vot- | vow | Latin | vovere, votus | votive |
vulg- | common, crowd | Latin | vulgus | divulge, vulgarity, vulgate |
vulner- | wound | Latin | vulnus | vulnerable |
vulp- | fox | Latin | vulpes | vulpine |
[edit] X
Root | Meaning in English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Examples |
---|---|---|---|---|
xanth- | yellow | Greek | (xanthos) | xanthogenic |
xen- | foreign | Greek | (xenos) | xenophobia |
xer- | dry | Greek | (xeros) | xerography |
xiph- | sword | Greek | (xiphos) | xiphoid |
xyl- | wood | Greek | (xulon) | xylophone |
[edit] Z
Root | Meaning In English | Origin Language | Etymology (Root Origin) | English Example |
---|---|---|---|---|
-zo- | animal, living being | Greek | (zōion) | protozoa, zoo, zoology |
zon- | belt, girdle | Greek | ζωνη (zōnē) | zone |
zyg- | yoke, joined, paired | Greek | (zugon) | heterozygous, zygote |
zym- | ferment | Greek | (zumē) | enzyme, lysozyme |
[edit] See also
- International Scientific Vocabulary
- List of Latin words with English derivatives
- List of Greek words with English derivatives
- List of Germanic and Latinate equivalents in English
- Interlingua
[edit] References
- ^ Louis, Norman, Word Power Made Easy, pg. 420