Gravida/para/abortus

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Gravida/para/abortus (GPA), or sometimes just gravida/para (GP), is a shorthand notation for a woman's obstetric history.

Gravida indicates the total number of times a woman has been pregnant, regardless of whether these pregnancies were carried to term. A current pregnancy, if any, is included in this count. Para indicates the number of viable (>20 wks) births. Pregnancies consisting of multiples, such as twins or triplets, count as ONE birth for the purpose of this notation. Abortus is the number of pregnancies that were lost for any reason, including induced abortions or miscarriages. The abortus term is sometimes dropped when no pregnancies have been lost.

Therefore, the history of a woman who has had two pregnancies (both of which resulted in live births) would be noted as G₂P₂. A woman who had 4 pregnancies, one of which was miscarried, is noted as G₄P₃A₁.

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Another system may be used to provide information about the number of miscarriages, preterm births, and live births by dropping the "A" and including four separate numbers after the "P", as in G₅P₃₁₁₃. This indicates 5 pregnancies, with 3 live births, 1 preterm birth, 1 induced abortion or miscarriage, and 3 living children. The history of a woman who had one pregnancy and delivered twins would be noted G₁P₁₀₀₂.