Grande Oriente d'Italia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Grande Oriente d'Italia or Grand Orient of Italy (GOI) is a masonic organization based at Palazzo Giustiniani, Rome. It was founded in 1805.[1]
Past grand masters included Giuseppe Garibaldi[2], the sculptor Ettore Ferrari,[3] the mayor of Rome Ernesto Nathan[4] and Giuseppe Mazzini.[5]
In 1894 there were moves from some of the lodges in the Grande Oriente to expel former Prime Minister Francesco Crispi for being too friendly towards the Catholic Church.[6]
Freemasonry was suppressed by Mussolini in 1925, being restarted after the Second World War.[7]
In 1972 it was recognised as regular by the United Grand Lodge of England.[8]
Propaganda Due, a pseudo-masonic lodge that was implicated in the murder of Roberto Calvi, was originally chartered by the Grand Orient.[9]
[edit] References
- ^ "Nel 1805 fu costituito il Grande Oriente d’Italia." Tran. "In 1805 the Grand Orient of Italy was founded." La storia 1805-1860, from the GOI Official website
- ^ Garibaldi — the mason Translated from Giuseppe Garibaldi Massone by the Grand Orient of Italy
- ^ Entry Giuseppe Mazzini in Volume III K - P, 10,000 FAMOUS FREEMASONS, By WILLIAM R. DENSLOW], 1957, Macoy Publishing & Masonic Supply Co., Inc.
- ^ Ernesto Nathan, 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica
- ^ Entry Giuseppe Mazzini in Volume III K - P, 10,000 FAMOUS FREEMASONS, By WILLIAM R. DENSLOW], 1957, Macoy Publishing & Masonic Supply Co., Inc.
- ^ Crispi to be Expelled by Freemasons, New York Times, October 10, 1894, Page 2
- ^ Centuries of Secrecy, Time Magazine, June 8, 1981
- ^ 5. What was the P2 Lodge?, Anti-masonry Frequently Asked Questions, Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon
- ^ 5. What was the P2 Lodge?, Anti-masonry Frequently Asked Questions, Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon
