Graham Sutherland
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| Graham Vivian Sutherland | |
| Born | August 24, 1903 |
| Died | February 17, 1980 |
| Nationality | English |
| Field | painter, etcher, designer |
| Training | Goldsmiths College |
| Movement | neo-Romanticism |
| Works | Coventry Cathedral |
| Patrons | War artist |
| Influenced by | Samuel Palmer, F.L. Griggs |
Graham Vivian Sutherland (August 24, 1903 – February 17, 1980) was an English artist.
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[edit] Early life
He was born in Streatham, London, attending a preparatory school in Sutton, Surrey.[1] He was then educated at Epsom College, Surrey and Goldsmiths College, University of London. He worked as an engineer at the Midland Railway Works at Derby before studying engraving at Goldsmiths College, University of London.
[edit] Early prints and landscapes
His early prints of pastoral subjects show the influence of Samuel Palmer, largely mediated by the older etcher, F.L. Griggs. He did not begin to paint in earnest until he was in his mid-30s, following the collapse of the print market in 1930 due to the Great Depression. These pieces are mainly landscapes, which show an affinity with the work of Paul Nash. Sutherland focused on the inherent strangeness of natural forms, and abstracting them, sometimes giving his work a surrealist appearance; in 1936 he exhibited in the International Surrealist Exhibition in London.
He also took up glass design, fabric design and poster design during the 1930s, and taught at a number of London art colleges. In 1934 he first visited Pembrokeshire, and the place remained an inspiration for his neo-romantic work until late 1936.
[edit] Mature work
From 1940 Sutherland was employed as an official artist in World War II, as part of the War Artists' Scheme. He worked on the Home Front, depicting mining, industry, and bomb damage.
Having converted to Catholicism in 1926, from around 1950, until his death he was deeply involved in religion. Following the war he produced several religious pieces, including The Crucifixion (1946) for St. Matthew's Church, Northampton and the tapestry Christ in Glory (1962) for Coventry Cathedral. He also continued to produce work based on natural forms, and managed to blend some of these - such as thorns - into his religious work. Sometimes, as in Head III (1953), these forms, often considered threatening in appearance, have an organic appearance but are entirely invented.
From 1947 into the 1960s his work was inspired by the south of France, and he purchased a villa there at Menton in 1955.
The main Art & Design building at Coventry University is named after him.
[edit] Portraits
Sutherland also painted a number of portraits, with one of Somerset Maugham (1949) the first and among the most famous. His painting of Winston Churchill (1954) was famously destroyed on the orders of Lady Churchill; studies for the portrait have survived.
[edit] Exhibitions
There were major retrospective shows at the Tate Gallery in 1982, France in 1998, and the Dulwich Picture Gallery in 2005.
[edit] References
- See Sources.
[edit] See also
- John Tunnard
- John Piper
- Moments of Vision, Kenneth Clark: “We must admit that our moments of vision are usually unpredictable. Mr. Graham Sutherland has described how on his country walks objects which he has passed a hundred times-a root, a thorn bush, a dead tree-will suddenly detach themselves and demand a separate existence; but why or when this should happen he cannot tell us, any more than a rider can tell us why his pony shies on a familiar road. His imitators think that they can achieve the same effect by going straight to the thorn bush and painting its portrait. But it remains inert and confused, like any casual sitter" (Clark 6).
[edit] Further reading
- Roger Berthoud. Graham Sutherland: A Biography. Faber and Faber, 1982.
- John Hayes. The Art of Graham Sutherland. Phaidon, 1980.
