Graf Ignatievo Air Base
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Graf Ignatievo air base, is located in the village with the same name, located about 10km to the north of the Bulgaria's second largest city of Plovdiv. It is the sole remaining fighter base of that state and houses two squadrons of jet aircraft.
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[edit] Early years
Graf Ignatievo is often called "the German airfield" by the Bulgarian aviation society, as the airfield was built with the extensive help of engineers from the Third Reich in the 1930s and was intended to house units of the Luftwaffe. In 1940 the airfield, when it became ready was turned over to the Bulgarian His Majesty's Air Troops. The first operational unit based here was the 2nd Army Aviation Regiment, comprising four yatos:
- fighter yato, flying Avia B.534 Dogan, Czechoslovak biplane fighters
- line bomber yato (horizontal bomber), flying PZL.43 Chaika polish light bombers
- reconnaissance yato, flying Letov-Šmolnik S.328 Vrana Czechoslovak recon planes
- training yato, flying various training machines
In 1943 the regiment was denominated to Ground Attack Regiment and in August the first junkers Ju.87R-2 StuKa (12 units) were delivered, followed from January to May 1944 by the more advanced Ju.87D5 (32 units), to form the regiment's 1st Orlyak. The 2nd Orlyak retained the B.534 fighters (21 units) with a secondary ground attack role. The formation relocated to Vrazhdebna airfield to take part in the war against the Third Reich.
[edit] The Jet Age
In 1945 the regiment converted to the soviet Ilyushin Il-2/M3 and, in lines with the soviet air force organisational charts, transformed into a ground attack air division. For a short period of time the 26th Independent Reconnaissance Air Regiment flying the Petlyakov Pe-2 was also based at Graf Ignatievo airfield. In the beginning of 1951 3 fighter air regiments were relocated to the airfield from Karlovo to form the 10th Fighter Air Division, being the 15th, 19th and the 21st FARs. Those were the descendants of the orlyaks of the former royal 6th Fighter Regiment of the His Majesty's Air Troops - their sole fighter formation, which took part in the defence of the capital Sofia from the terrorist air bombardments, committed by the Allies in 1943 and 1944. At the time of the relocation to Graf Ignatievo the regiments flew only a handful of Yakovlev Yak-11 and Polikarpov Po-2 in preparation for the transition to jet aircraft - the Yak-23 and Yak-17. The first fighters started flying in April 1951. The batch comprised only 30 Yak-23s and 4 Yak-17Us for the BAF started acquiring the MiG-15 in September the same year. For that reason the Yaks were transferred to the newly forming 1st Fighter Air Division in Tolbukhin (today Dobrich, northwestern Bulgaria). The Commander of 10th FAD became Lieutenant-Colonel Simeon Simeonov (a legendary figure in Bulgarian aviation history and future Commander of the Bulgarian Air Force, his monument is located in the front of 3rd Fighter Air Base - Graf Ignatievo's control tower).
In April 1952 the 15th Fighter Air Regiment relocated to Bezmer airfield, followed by the 21st FAR, moving to Uzundzhovo airfield. In May 1955 the 1st Squadron of the 19th FAR started flying the newly acquired MiG-17PF (12 units) with a radar targeting system. Those were the fighters involved in shooting the American spy balloons, deployed in great numbers over the country, downing 7 of them (with 4 shot down personally by Captain Trifonov, today a retired air force General). In the summer of 1957 a group of pilots, headed by squadron leader Captain Razsolkov underwent an operational conversion course on the MiG-19. A batch of 40 MiG-19S arrived at Graf Ignatievo in September, rearming 2/19th FAR, 3/19th FAR and a squadron of 21st FAR at Uzundzhovo. In May 1959 additional 12 MiG-19P relieved the MiG-17PFs of the 1/19th FAR, only to be removed in exchange for 12 MiG-19PM a year later. In 1961 the 19th Fighter Air Regiment became a unit of the newly-formed 10th Combined Air Corps (after restructuring the 10th Fighter Air Division). In 1963 pilots of the 3/19th FAR underwent an operational conversion course on the MiG-21F-13 at the Soviet Air Force Operational Conversion Center in Krasnodar, and even during the course the first batch of that new aircraft type was delivered in Graf Ignatievo. In 1969 the 2/19th FAr converted to the MiG-21M. In the 1970s th eair regiment comprised two squadrons with the 1st Squadron flying MiG-19PM/S and 2nd Squadron flying the MiG-21M. 3rd Squadron gave away its MiG-21F-13s to the units, based at Tolbukhin and Ravnets upon its disbandment. 1978 saw the last MiG-19s being withdrawn from service and replaced by MiG-21MF. The 2/19th FAR became nuclear strike-qualified and a number of its pilots were specially trained for that task. In 1982 the air regiment took part in "Shield '82" - the year's major Warsaw Pact exercise, held in Bulgaria, as 18 MiG-21MFs were operationally deployed to Shtraklevo airfield and later to Bezmer airfield. In 1983 the unit converted to the MiG-21bis, acquiring 36 units, along with some twin-seaters.
[edit] Modern Days
In 1990 the 21st Fighter Air Regiment at Uzundzhovo airfield disbanded with its personnel and second-hand MiG-21bis forming the 19th Fighter Air Regiment's 3rd Squadron, remaining at Uzundzhovo. In 1994 the 19th FAR also disbanded to form the 3rd Fighter Air Base (with the former 1/19, 2/19 and the ground aviation support units) at Graf Ignatievo airfield and the 4th Fighter Air Base (with the former 3/19 and the ground aviation support units) at Uzundzhovo airfield. When the 10th Combined Air Corps was transformed into the Tactical Aviation Command the 3rd FAB went under the newly formed Air Defence Corps (successor of the 1st and 2nd Air Defence Divisions). When the 5th Fighter Air Base at Ravnets airfield was disbanded the 1/3.FAB and 2/19.FAB were merged in order for Graf Ignatievo to house the "Sharks" squadron as the new 2/3.FAB. Today the 3rd Fighter Air Base is Bulgaria's sole remaining air defence fighter base, taking part in and housing virtually every national and multi-national exercise, involving fighter aircraft. Future plans concern the merging of the 3rd Fighter Air Base at Graf Ignatievo airfield and the 22nd Ground Attack Air Base at Bezmer airfield in one air base in order for the 22nd GAAB to give way to the future American military facilities.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Silvia Zheleva, Alexander Mladenov, "Graf Ignatievo, an air base even after the year 2000. #History", in: "Klub Krile Magazine", Vol. 4, 2000, "Air Group 2000" Publishing, Sofia
