GPX4

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Glutathione peroxidase 4 (phospholipid hydroperoxidase)
PDB rendering based on 2gs3.
Available structures: 2gs3
Identifiers
Symbol(s) GPX4; MCSP; PHGPx; snGPx; snPHGPx
External IDs OMIM: 138322 MGI: 104767 HomoloGene: 37571
Orthologs
Human Mouse
Entrez 2879 625249
Ensembl n/a ENSMUSG00000065948
Uniprot n/a Q3TI34
Refseq NM_001039847 (mRNA)
NP_001034936 (protein)		 NM_001037741 (mRNA)
NP_001032830 (protein)
Location n/a Chr 10: 45.56 - 45.56 Mb
Pubmed search [1] [2]

Glutathione peroxidase 4 (phospholipid hydroperoxidase), also known as GPX4, is a human gene.

Glutathione peroxidase catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, organic hydroperoxide, and lipid peroxides by reduced glutathione and functions in the protection of cells against oxidative damage. Human plasma glutathione peroxidase has been shown to be a selenium-containing enzyme and the UGA codon is translated into a selenocysteine. Through alternative splicing and transcription initiation, rat produces proteins that localize to the nucleus, mitochondrion, and cytoplasm. In humans, experimental evidence for alternative splicing exists; alternative transcription initiation and the cleavage sites of the mitochondrial and nuclear transit peptides need to be experimentally verified.[1]

[edit] References

  1. ^ Entrez Gene: GPX4 glutathione peroxidase 4 (phospholipid hydroperoxidase).

[edit] Further reading

  • Nakagawa Y (2005). "Role of mitochondrial phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) as an antiapoptotic factor.". Biol. Pharm. Bull. 27 (7): 956-60. PMID 15256721. 
  • Esworthy RS, Doan K, Doroshow JH, Chu FF (1994). "Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA encoding a human testis phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase.". Gene 144 (2): 317-8. PMID 8039723. 
  • Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.". Gene 138 (1-2): 171-4. PMID 8125298. 
  • Chu FF (1994). "The human glutathione peroxidase genes GPX2, GPX3, and GPX4 map to chromosomes 14, 5, and 19, respectively.". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 66 (2): 96-8. PMID 8287691. 
  • Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery.". Genome Res. 6 (9): 791-806. PMID 8889548. 
  • Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library.". Gene 200 (1-2): 149-56. PMID 9373149. 
  • Opalenik SR, Ding Q, Mallery SR, Thompson JA (1998). "Glutathione depletion associated with the HIV-1 TAT protein mediates the extracellular appearance of acidic fibroblast growth factor.". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 351 (1): 17-26. doi:10.1006/abbi.1997.0566. PMID 9501919. 
  • Kelner MJ, Montoya MA (1998). "Structural organization of the human selenium-dependent phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase gene (GPX4): chromosomal localization to 19p13.3.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 249 (1): 53-5. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9086. PMID 9705830. 
  • Ursini F, Heim S, Kiess M, et al. (1999). "Dual function of the selenoprotein PHGPx during sperm maturation.". Science 285 (5432): 1393-6. PMID 10464096. 
  • Choi J, Liu RM, Kundu RK, et al. (2000). "Molecular mechanism of decreased glutathione content in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat-transgenic mice.". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (5): 3693-8. PMID 10652368. 
  • Richard MJ, Guiraud P, Didier C, et al. (2001). "Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein impairs selenoglutathione peroxidase expression and activity by a mechanism independent of cellular selenium uptake: consequences on cellular resistance to UV-A radiation.". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 386 (2): 213-20. doi:10.1006/abbi.2000.2197. PMID 11368344. 
  • Yagi K, Komura S, Ohishi N (2003). "Expression of human phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase.". Methods Mol. Biol. 196: 195-9. doi:10.1385/1-59259-274-0:195. PMID 12152199. 
  • Foresta C, Flohé L, Garolla A, et al. (2003). "Male fertility is linked to the selenoprotein phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase.". Biol. Reprod. 67 (3): 967-71. PMID 12193409. 
  • Borchert A, Savaskan NE, Kuhn H (2003). "Regulation of expression of the phospholipid hydroperoxide/sperm nucleus glutathione peroxidase gene. Tissue-specific expression pattern and identification of functional cis- and trans-regulatory elements.". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (4): 2571-80. doi:10.1074/jbc.M209064200. PMID 12427732. 
  • Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899-903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. 
  • Villette S, Kyle JA, Brown KM, et al. (2003). "A novel single nucleotide polymorphism in the 3' untranslated region of human glutathione peroxidase 4 influences lipoxygenase metabolism.". Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 29 (2): 174-8. PMID 12490284. 
  • Maiorino M, Bosello V, Ursini F, et al. (2004). "Genetic variations of gpx-4 and male infertility in humans.". Biol. Reprod. 68 (4): 1134-41. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.102.007500. PMID 12606444. 
  • Wang HP, Schafer FQ, Goswami PC, et al. (2003). "Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase induces a delay in G1 of the cell cycle.". Free Radic. Res. 37 (6): 621-30. PMID 12868489. 
  • Chen CJ, Huang HS, Chang WC (2003). "Depletion of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase up-regulates arachidonate metabolism by 12S-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase 1 in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells.". FASEB J. 17 (12): 1694-6. doi:10.1096/fj.02-0847fje. PMID 12958179. 
  • Sneddon AA, Wu HC, Farquharson A, et al. (2004). "Regulation of selenoprotein GPx4 expression and activity in human endothelial cells by fatty acids, cytokines and antioxidants.". Atherosclerosis 171 (1): 57-65. PMID 14642406. 
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