Government Street Presbyterian Church
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| Government Street Presbyterian Church | |
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| (U.S. National Historic Landmark) | |
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| Location: | 300 Government Street Mobile, Alabama, USA |
| Coordinates: | Coordinates: |
| Built/Founded: | 1836 |
| Architect: | James Gallier, James Dakin, and Charles Dakin |
| Architectural style(s): | Greek Revival |
| Designated as NHL: | October 05, 1992[1] |
| Added to NRHP: | October 05, 1992[2] |
| NRHP Reference#: | 92001885 |
| Governing body: | Private |
Government Street Presbyterian Church is one of the oldest and least-altered Greek Revival church buildings in the United States.[3] The architectural design is by James Gallier, James Dakin, and Charles Dakin. The trio also designed Barton Academy, four blocks down Government Street to the west. Government Street Presbyterian reflects the influences of Ithiel Town, Minard Lafever, and Andrew Jackson Downing.[3] It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1992.[1][3]
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[edit] History
The Government Street Presbyterian Church congregation was formally organized in 1831. The congregation purchased the lot at the corner of Government and Jackson Street for $10,000 and local millionaire, Harry Hitchcock, ran an ad in the Mobile Daily Register in December of 1835 that advertised for builders. Hitchcock served on the church's building committee and financed much of the construction to come. The drawings and specifications had already been provided by Gallier and Dakin. The construction costs eventually totaled $60,000, with $40,000 of that having gone to the mason, Thomas James.[3]
A hurricane toppled the steeple in 1852, with little damage done to the rest of the structure. Afterwards a committee was formed to determine if it was desirable to rebuild it, and the ladies of the church formed a "steeple society" to raise the funds for the construction. The committee later decided to recommend that the congregation not replace it. A cypress floor was installed over the existing stone one in the basement level in 1869. In 1893 the pulpit was altered and the doors were removed from the pews. In 1898 electrical lighting was introduced, replacing the gas fixtures.[3]
In 1902 a building committee was formed to explore adding more space to the church for a Sunday School. Architects F. Lockwood and Walter Seymour were hired in June of 1903 to design an addition. The new addition was finished in 1905 and crossed the back of the existing structure, forming a T-shape. It matched the existing structure in detail and scale. The new construction cost around $12,000. The main sanctuary windows were replaced with stained glass at this time. After another hurricane in 1916 caused $2500 in unspecified damages, and it was decided then to further enlarge the rear portion of the church. This time the architect was C. L. Hutchinson, he added two bays to the north at a cost of $20,000. The main sanctuary was renovated in 1950 with modern lighting and the addition of a glass vestibule just inside the main entrance. The interior was painted and the pews reupholstered in 1976.[3]
[edit] Description
The exterior of the building is brick with a stucco finish, intended to have an ashlar appearance. The bays on the side elevations are divided by pilasters. The structure is one story over a raised basement with granite foundations and features a gabled roof. The eastern and western edges of the roof were originally adorned with ante-fixae. The front gable had an octagonal steeple that came down in a hurricane in 1852 and was never rebuilt.[3] The front elevation features one of the earliest surviving American examples of a distyle portico.[4]
The interior is notable for the fact that the original Greek Revival design is fully intact with very little alteration. Three entrances lead from the portico into the sanctuary, the southern main doors open directly into the main vestibule, the eastern and western doors both open into side stairway vestibules that access the sanctuary and upper gallery. The sanctuary has two aisles and retains the original pews. The U-shaped gallery is supported by fluted Corinthian columns of a Tower of the Winds design. The gallery balcony features a Greek key molding topped with rosettes and appears, as does most of the interior, to be based on a design from Minard Lafever's Beauties of Modern Architecture. Behind the altar is a pylon-like screen with an engaged Corinthian tetrasyle topped by ante-fixae, similar in design to the Choragic Monument of Lysicrates. The ceiling is coffered in a diagonal, diamond pattern.[3]
[edit] Gallery
 Engraving of Government Street Presbyterian Church from John LaTourrette's 1838 Map of the City of Mobile. |
 A view of the front and side elevations from Government Street, taken by the Historic American Buildings Survey in 1934. |
 Ceiling of the exterior portico. |
 A view of the sanctuary looking toward north toward altar. |
 Looking south in the sanctuary, toward seating and gallery. |
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b Government Street Presbyterian Church. National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved on 2007-10-21.
- ^ National Register Information System. National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service (2007-01-23).
- ^ a b c d e f g h John Sledge and Robert Gamble (April 2, 1992), National Historic Landmark Nomination: Government Street Presbyterian ChurchPDF (959 KiB), National Park Service and Accompanying 11 photos, exterior and interior, from 1991.PDF (1.21 MiB)
- ^ Gamble, Robert Historic architecture in Alabama: a guide to styles and types, 1810-1930, page 58. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: The University of Alabama Press, 1990. ISBN 0817311343.
[edit] External links
Government Street Presbyterian Church at the National Historic Landmarks Program
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