Goslar
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Goslar | |
| Coat of arms | Location |
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| Administration | |
| Country |  Germany |
|---|---|
| State | Lower Saxony |
| District | Goslar |
| Town subdivisions | 12 districts |
| Lord Mayor | Henning Binnewies (SPD) |
| Basic statistics | |
| Area | 92.58 km² (35.7 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 255 m (837 ft) |
| Population | 43,058 (30/06/2006)[1] |
| - Density | 465 /km² (1,205 /sq mi) |
| Other information | |
| Time zone | CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) |
| Licence plate | GS |
| Postal codes | 38640, 38642, 38644 |
| Area codes | 05321, 05325 |
| Website | www.goslar.de |
| Mines of Rammelsberg and Historic Town of Goslar* | |
|---|---|
| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
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| State Party | Germany |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | i, iv |
| Reference | 623 |
| Region† | Europe and North America |
| Inscription history | |
| Inscription | 1992 (16th Session) |
| * Name as inscribed on World Heritage List. † Region as classified by UNESCO. |
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Goslar is a historic town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the administrative centre of the district of Goslar and located on the northwestern slopes of the Harz hills. Goslar and the mines are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
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[edit] Geography
Goslar is situated at the northwestern foot of the Lower-Saxon highlands: the Harz mountains. The Kahlerberg/Schalke is the highest elevation within the municipal boundaries at 763 m (2,503 ft). The lowest point of 175 m (574 ft) is near the Oker river. Geographically, Goslar forms the boundary between the Hildesheim Downs which are part of the Northern German Plain, and the Harz Range, which is the highest, northern-most extension of the Middle German Mountain Range. The Hildesheim Downs are characterised by plains with rich clay soils – used agriculturally for sugar beet farming – interlaced with several hill ranges commonly known as the Hildesheim Forest and Salzgitter Hills. Immediately to the south, the Harz mountains rise above the historic borough at a height of 636 m (2,087 ft) (Rammelsberg). Forestry dominates the landscape. Three rivers cross the municipal boundary: the Oker, the Abzucht and the Gose. The Gose river begins approximately 9 km (5.6 mi) south-west of Goslar at the Auerhahn pass (638 m; 2,093 ft) in the Harz mountains. At the northern foot of the Herz Hill (632 m; 2,074 ft) the smaller Abzucht river meets the Gose before it flows into the Oker.
[edit] Neighbouring municipalities
(clockwise from the North): Liebenburg, Vienenburg, Bad Harzburg, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Langelsheim.
[edit] City districts
- Oldtown (Upper and Lower Borough and Centre City)
- Hahndorf (borough)
- Hahnenklee with Bockswiese (borough)
- Jerstedt (borough)
- Jürgenohl with Kramerswinkel
- Ohlhof
- Oker (borough)
- Sudmerberg
- Georgenberg with Kattenberg
- Rammelsberg with Siemensviertel and Rosenberg
- Steinberg
- Baßgeige
[edit] Climate
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average daily maximum temperature (°C) | 10 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 17 | 15 | 11 | 11 | 13.75 |
| Average daily minimum temperature (°C) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 9 | 6 | 4 | 1 | 4.8 |
| Mean total rainfall (mm) | 110 | 80 | 90 | 60 | 60 | 70 | 70 | 90 | 100 | 120 | 120 | 100 | 1070 |
[edit] History
Goslar has a rich history stretching from the Neolithic via the ancient Saxon times, the Holy Roman German empire, Reformation, Enlightenment, German Nationalism, Emancipation, Militarism, German Imperialism, Democratisation, the National Socialist Dictatorship including Racism & Genocide, the Iron Curtain, up to German reunification. In addition Goslar can field an exciting industrial history.
Salian Emperor Henry I founded the town in the 10th century after the discovery of silver deposits in the nearby Rammelsberg. The wealth derived from silver mining brought Goslar the status of an Imperial City, which attracted the interest of the Holy Roman Emperor.
The Mediæval Imperial Palace of Goslar (Kaiserpfalz) was built in the 11th century and became a summer residence for the emperors, especially Henry III of Germany who visited his favourite palace about twenty times. Henry is buried in Goslar.
In the winter of 1798, the coldest of the century, the young English poet William Wordsworth stayed in Goslar. To dispel homesickness he started to write a few verses about his childhood, these would eventually evolve into the masterpiece that was published in thirteen volumes after his death as The Prelude[2].
Goslar's Mediæval cathedral was built at the same time as the Mediæval Imperial Palace, but only the porch survived; the dome itself was torn down in 1820. Other sights are the town hall (16th century) and the ancient mines of the Rammelsberg, which houses now a mining museum.
[edit] Demographics
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(count: December 31st of each year)
[edit] Politics
[edit] Town council
For the legislature from November 1st, 2006 until October 31st, 2011, the seats were allocated as follows:
- SPD: 16 seats (38,38 %)
- CDU: 13 seats (32,98 %)
- FDP: 5 seats (11,69 %)
- Citizens' Alliance: 2 seats (5,81 %)
- Goslarer Linke: 2 seats (5,75 %)
- Grüne: 2 seats (5,35 %)
[edit] Burgomaster
Goslar's current Lord Mayor is Henning Binnewies (Social Democrats).
[edit] Members to Parliament
- European (Constituency: Southern Lower Saxony), Godelieve Quisthoudt-Rowohl (CDU), Erika Mann (SPD)
- Bundestag (Constituency 52: Goslar, Northeim, Osterode), First: Wilhelm Priesmeier (SPD), List: Hans Georg Faust (CDU)
- Landtag Lower Saxony (Constituency 16: Goslar), First: Petra Emmerich-Kopatsch (SPD), List: Dorothee Prüssner (CDU)
[edit] Twin towns
Arcachon, France (since 1965)
Beroun, Czech Republic (since 1989)
Brzeg, Poland (since 2000)
Ra'anana, Israel (since 2006)
Windsor and Maidenhead, United Kingdom (since 1969)
[edit] Culture and sights
For a detailed description of Goslar's tourist attractions, please refer to Goslar's Wikitravel entry.
[edit] Theatre
The Odeon Theatre is the town's major theatre venue. It has been recently refurbished. It is host to several productions of visiting theatre companies and music groups.
The alternative theatre Culture Power Station Harz or Kulturkraftwerk Harz is housed in a disused powerstation. Being run by volunteers, it produces contemporary theatre, comedy and hosts mostly alternative cultural events. Here the annual Goslar Fringe Culture Days are held from the start to mid June.
[edit] Museums
- Museum and visitor's mine Rammelsberg, an Anchor Point of ERIH, The European Route of Industrial Heritage
- Museum in the Mediaeval Imperial Palace (Kaiserpfalz)
- Monks' House, Mönchehaus Museum for Contemporary and Modern Arts
- Goslar Museum
- Museum in the Gothic Town Hall
- Zwinger Tower and Dungeon, Museum for Late Mediaeval History
[edit] Religion
- Protestant-Lutheran
- Congregation Marktkirche, Market Church (build 1151, North Tower mountable)
- Congregation Neuwerk, Newark Church
- Congregation St. Stephani, Saint Stephanus
- Congregation Zum Frankenberge, Frankenberg Church
- Congregation Gustav-Adolf-Stabkirche, Gustav Adolf stave church in Hahnenklee
- Congregation Martin-Luther-Kirche, Martin-Luther Church
- Congregation St.Paulus Kirche, St. Pauls Church in Oker
- Congregation St. Georg, St. George
- Congregation St. Johannes, St. John
- Parish Church St. Kilians in Hahndorf
- Congregation St. Lukas, St. Luc
- Parish Church St. Matthäus, St. Matthew in Jerstedt
- Congregation St. Peter
- Protestant-Baptist
- Congregation Christuskirche, Christchurch
- Roman Catholic
- Congregation St. Jakobi, Saint Jacob the Elder Church (built in 1073, Goslar's oldest romanesque church which is still in use)
- Congregation Maria Schnee, St. Mary in the Snow in Hahnenklee
- Congregation St. Barbara (part of St. Jacob)
- Congregation St. Konrad, St. Conrad (part of St. Jacob) in Oker
- Congregations St. Benno & St. George
- Abbey St. George
- Islamic Faith
- Mosque of the Turkish-German Society
- Goslar Mosque
[edit] Sports
Situated at the foot of the Harz hills, Goslar offers a great deal of outdoor pursuit, from swimming to rock climbing; from motor sports and aviation to sailing and cross-country biking.
The oldest and most traditional sports club is the MTV Goslar (founded in 1849). Its main facilities, a football pitch and gymnasium are located at the Golden Meadow (Goldene Aue) site.
[edit] Celebrations and Events
In the year 2006 Goslar hosts the Salier Year to celebrate the foundation of this ancient German Imperial dynasty a Millennium ago.
Other events include:
- Annual award (since 1975) of the "Imperial Ring" to a personality who has made an outstanding contribution to society and the arts. Its laureates include Henry Moore, Joseph Beuys, Christo, Dani Karavan etc.
- Goslar International Concerto Days, Mid to End August
- The Goslar Fair, Beginning to Mid July
- Annual Artisans market in the old town, Usually beginning of August
- Old Town Festival, Mid September
- Hanseatic Days, Spring (usually during the Easter holidays)
[edit] Economy and infrastructure
The town centre of Goslar serves as a regional shopping centre to the Northern Harz region. Here department stores, several supermarkets, elegant boutiques and restaurants can be found. Once weekly, there is also a market, where farmers sell their local produce. There are also several car dealerships in the borough, some of whom specialise in either discount/reimport or custom car sales.
The tourism sector is a booming sector in Goslar. Several hotels and bed and breakfasts are located in or near the town's centre. In addition, the town has become a popular resort for the elderly and there are many care homes in the town.
Goslar has become a popular conference venue. The Achtermann Hotel and the Kaiserpfalz are popular conference centres, host to the annual German Road & Transport Tribunal Days: the Deutscher Verkehrsgerichtstag
Largest employers in Goslar are H.C. Starck (chemistry company), the tourism sector, and the civil service. Many residents of Goslar commute to Salzgitter, where car production, steel works and white collar jobs are based.
The Dr.-Herbert-Nieper-Krankenhaus is a privately owned hospital of the Asklepios Harzkliniken group serving the greater Harz region. A new annex for intensitive medicine is under construction. There are several general practitioners, dentists, and specialist practitioners distributed across the town. There is an emergency service in place.
[edit] Transportation
Goslar has excellent road links, as well as rail links connecting it to the major European population centres. Goslar also serves as a major transport hub for the Upper Harz mountains (highest peak at 1,141 m (3,744 ft) altitude).
With the A 7 and the A 395 there are two main Autobahns/Highways within 20 minutes reach of Goslar. The A 7 connects Hamburg/Hanover in the North to Frankfurt/Munich in the South. The A 395 branches off the main east-west Autobahn A 2 at Brunswick and ends at Vienenburg, some 12 km (7.5 mi) east of Goslar. The A 2 connects Berlin – to the East – to the Ruhr Area and the Netherlands in the West. The Federal highways B 6 and B 82 converge at Goslar and are routed via the four-lane by-pass past the town centre. The B 6 is mostly four-laned and approaches Goslar via the scenic Hildesheim–Salzgitter route.
Goslar is served by the German Railway network (Deutsche Bahn) lines Hanover–Goslar–Halle (Saxony-Anhalt) as well as Brunswick–Goslar–Kreiensen. The central railway station is located in the vicinity of the town centre. There is a park-and-ride system for commuters to Brunswick and Hanover.
At the railway station there is a central bus station with busses travelling routinely to various destinations in the Harz mountains.
[edit] Media
The regional newspaper is the Goslar Chronicle Goslarsche Zeitung which has an estimated daily readership of 90,000. The General-Anzeiger is a gazette owned by the Heinrich Bauer publishing group with an editorial office in Goslar. Aside from this there are two freely distributed gazettes.
Radio Okerwelle GoslarRadio is the regional private radio station based in Brunswick, which broadcasts contemporary music, information and news in the German language to the Brunswick region.
[edit] Education
The three tier education system in Goslar district falls under Lower-Saxon legislation. The language of tuition at all schools is the German language. The nine primary schools are distributed across the entire municipality and the associated hamlets. There are two advanced secondary schools (5-12/13), the Christian-von-Dohm-Gymnasium, and the more traditional Ratsgymnasium, both of which prepare their students for an academic career. Three intermediate level schools (5-10), the Andre-Mouton Realschule, the Realschule Hoher Weg, and the Realschule Goldene Aue prepare their pupils for a professional career. Furthermore, two vocational schools (5-9/10) exist: the Hauptschule Oker, and the Hauptschule Kaiserpfalz. The Sonderschule caters to children with learning difficulties and special needs.
The supplementary public Waldorf school Harz – Branch Goslar, educates its students along a more spiritual line termed anthroposophy, which is based on the teachings of the Austrian pedagogue Rudolf Steiner.
At the 10-12 level there are four job training colleges located at Goslar in crafts, economics, and care for the elderly for students from Goslar district and beyond.
The nearest University from Goslar is the old venerable Engineering and Mining School at Clausthal-Zellerfeld situated in the Upper Harz mountains some 21 km (13 mi) South of Goslar within Goslar district. Some 80 km (50 mi) to the South the highly acclaimed University of Göttingen (founded by King George II of Great Britain) is based.
The Community College (Volkshochschule) of the district Goslar is dedicated to life-long learning.
The Izmir University of Economics, an Izmir-based Turkish university, is on the way to establish an international university in Goslar.
[edit] Persons
- Siemens Family. The ancestral home of the Siemens family, who can count toward their more famous offspring, the Prussian-British-Russian industrial pioneers Werner von Siemens, Sir William Siemens and Carl von Siemens, is in Goslar
- Henning von Tresckow (1901-1944), German military officer and leading anti-Hitler conspirator, was a student at the Goslar Realgymnasium (now Ratsgymnasium Goslar) from 1913 until 1917, when he left to join the army. He boarded in a private home near the school since his own home was far away.
[edit] People from Goslar
- Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (1050–1106), King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor
- Maurice, comte de Saxe (1696–1750), Marshal General of France. Adversary of the Hanoverians.
- Albert Niemann (1834–1861), chemist and pharmacist. Credited with the discovery of cocaine.
- Sigmar Gabriel (born 1959), politician (SPD)
- Aaron Hunt (born 1986), footballer
- Heinz Günther Guderian
[edit] Miscellaneous
A medieval town, which has not changed in essence since its foundation, Goslar has much charm. Although the region has a high unemployment rate, local bo nding and local strength, such as high-tech engineering, high-precision manufacturing, and logistics might benefit the town. Also the town needs to be reinvigorated like in the 1970's when innovative architects and designers fostered the town's economy. As the mining and metal works have ceased to exist, new environmentally centered industries might take their place.
In the [ [ cold war ] ], Goslar has been a major garrison town for the German army and the Border police. After the fall of the Berlin wall, the barracks have been vacated and a major economic factor has been lost.
A 'Goslar' is a lead-lined container manufactured here.
[edit] External links
- Official website (English)
- Goslar at the Open Directory Project
[edit] References
- ^ Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Statistik. Bevölkerungsfortschreibung (German).
- ^ BBC Radio 4 - In Our Time, Downloadable review of Wordsworth's poem 'The Prelude'.
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