GOST 16876-71

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GOST 16876-71 (Russian: ГОСТ 16876-71) is a romanization system (for transliteration of Cyrillic texts into the Latin alphabet) devised by the National Administration for Geodesy and Cartography of the Soviet Union. It is based on the scientific transliteration system used in linguistics. GOST was an international standard, so it included provision for a number of languages of the Soviet Union.

GOST 16876-71 contains two tables of a transliteration:

Table A: one cyrillic char to one latin char, some with diacritics
Table B: one cyrillic char to one or many latin char, but without diacritics

In 1978 COMECON adopted GOST 16876-71 with minor modifications as its official transliteration standard, under the name of SEV 1362-78 (Russian: СЭВ 1362-78).

GOST 16876-71 was used by the United Nations to develop its romanization system for geographical names, which was adopted for official use by the United Nations at the Fifth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names in Montréal, Canada, in 1987. UN system relies on diacritics to compensate for non-Russian Cyrillic alphabets.

In 1995 Derzhstandart, the Ukrainian GOST, introduced an amendment to better accommodate the post-Soviet Ukrainian orthography. It was accepted internationally, and became part of SEV 1362-78 in 1998–2000.

In 2002, the Russian Federation along with a number of CIS countries abandoned the use of GOST 16876 in favor of ISO 9:1995, which was adopted as GOST 7.79-2000.^[1]

**GOST and GOST-Based Transliteration for Russian**
Cyrillic	а	б	в	г	д	е	ё	ж	з	и	й	к	л	м	н	о	п	р	с	т	у	ф	х	ц	ч	ш	щ	ъ	ы	ь	э	ю	я	і	ѳ	ѣ	ѵ
GOST 16876-71 table A	a	b	v	g	d	e	jo	zh	z	i	jj	k	l	m	n	o	p	r	s	t	u	f	kh	c	ch	sh	shh	"	y	'	eh	ju	ja
SEV 1362-78	a	b	v	g	d	e	jo	zh	z	i	j	k	l	m	n	o	p	r	s	t	u	f	kh	c	ch	sh	shh	"	y	'	eh	ju	ja
GOST (1983) / UN (1987)	a	b	v	g	d	e	ë	ž	z	i	j	k	l	m	n	o	p	r	s	t	u	f	h	c	č	š	šč	"	y	'	è	ju	ja	ĭ	ḟ	ě	ẏ
GOST (2002) / ISO (1995)	a	b	v	g	d	e	ë	ž	z	i	j	k	l	m	n	o	p	r	s	t	u	f	h	c	č	š	ŝ	"	y	'	è	û	â	ì	f̀	ě	ỳ

The last four letters are found in texts from before the orthographic reform of 1918. For contemporary letters the only differences between the UN-approved system, the scholarly system, and ISO/R 9:1968 are the transliterations of х (h / x / ch) and э (è / è / ė).