Gordon Jacob

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Gordon Percival Septimus Jacob (July 5, 1895 London – June 8, 1984 Saffron Walden) was an English composer. He is known for his wind instrument composition and his instructional writings.

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[edit] Life

Jacob's career almost ended before it began. The youngest of ten siblings, he enlisted in the Field Artillery to serve in World War I when he was 19, and was taken POW in 1917, one of only 60 men in his battalion of 800 to survive.

After being released he spent a year studying journalism, but left to study composition, theory, and conducting at the Royal College of Music, where he then taught from 1924 until his 1966 retirement, counting Malcolm Arnold, Ruth Gipps, Cyril Smith and Imogen Holst among his students. Sadly, because of his cleft palate and a childhood hand injury, his instrumental abilities were limited; he studied piano but never had a performing career.

Jacob's first major successful piece was composed during his student years: the William Byrd Suite for orchestra, after a collection of pieces for the virginal. It is better-known in a later arrangement for the symphonic band. While a student Jacob was asked by Vaughan Williams to arrange the latter's English Folk Song Suite in full orchestral form. Jacob became a Fellow of the Royal College in 1946, and throughout his career would often write pieces for particular students and faculties.

In the 1930s Jacob, along with several other young composers, wrote for the Sadlers Wells Ballet Company. His one original ballet, Uncle Remus, was written for them, but most of his contributions were arrangements of established works, such as Les Sylphides, for which his version remains in use, though the rival orchestration by Roy Douglas has been more often recorded for disc. Later ballet scores arranged by Jacob include Mam'zelle Angot, (based on Charles Lecocq's music, which remains in the repertoire of the Royal Ballet) and, in 1958, London Morning, composed for the London Festival Ballet by Noel Coward and orchestrated by Jacob.

He also contributed light music to a morale-booster comedy radio show during World War II, which earned him the disdain of the musical elitists and the appreciation of the public, and provided music for several propaganda films.

In the 1940s he was commissioned, on the recommendation of Sir Adrian Boult to orchestrate Elgar's Organ Sonata. A recording of this version was made in 1988 by EMI.

The height of his renown was the 1950s, during which his Music for a Festival was used for the 1951 Festival of Britain and his trumpet-heavy fanfare arrangement of the National Anthem for the 1953 coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.

After his retirement from the Royal College in 1966, he continued to support himself by composing, often on commission. He describes many of the works as "unpretentious little pieces", though some of his most works were published during this time, including his 1984 Concerto for Timpani and Wind Band.

Jacob married twice, once in 1924 to Sidney Gray, who died in 1958, and again a year after her death, to her niece Margaret Gray, in 1959. He had two children by Margaret, who was 42 years his junior.

There is a 1959 BBC documentary about his life, Gordon Jacob, directed by Ken Russell, as well as a 1995 book by Eric Wetherell entitled Gordon Jacob: a Centenary Biography.

[edit] Music

Jacob was one of the most musically conservative of his generation of composers. Though he studied with Vaughan Williams and Stanford at the Royal College, Jacob preferred the more austere Baroque and Classical models to the Romanticism of his peers, and stuck to this aesthetic even in the face of the trends toward atonality and serialism.

This conservatism would cause his works to fall out of fashion in favor of the avant-garde in the 1960s, which he held in little regard, saying "I personally feel repelled by the intellectual snobbery of some progressive artists... the day that melody is discarded altogether, you may as well pack up music...". Not all contemporary listeners found his music too conservative or melodic: "Foul music by Gordon Jacob just over, in which the pianist stamped on, kicked, butted, thumped and finally threw out of the window the long-suffering piano." [1]

He was a skillful writer for winds, and a good deal of his regard today is for his embracing of the wind band, which had begun coming into its own as a concert-giving musical ensemble. Additionally, he published solo and chamber literature at various levels of difficulty for nearly all the wind instruments, many of which are now standard pedagogical and performing repertoire.

Jacob was highly prolific and published over 700 pieces of music before his death in 1984, in addition to his four books and numerous essays on music.

[edit] Selected works

  • Concerto for Viola and Orchestra (1925)
  • Concerto for Piano and Strings (1927)
  • An Original Suite for Military Band (1928)
  • String Quartet (1928)
  • Symphony no. 1 (1928–9)
  • Variations on an Air by Purcell (1930), string orchestra
  • Passacaglia on a Well-Known Theme (Oranges and Lemons) (1931)
  • Concerto for Oboe and Strings (1933)
  • Uncle Remus (1934), ballet
  • Variations on an Original Theme (1936);
  • Suite no. 1 on F (1939)
  • Clarinet Quintet (1940)
  • Symphony no. 2 (1943–4)
  • Concerto for Bassoon, Strings, and Percussion (1947)
  • Suite no. 2 (1948–9);
  • Suite no. 3 (1949)
  • Serenade (1950), woodwind octet
  • The Nun's Priest's Tale (1951), chorus and orchestra
  • Music for a Festival (1951), concert band
  • Concerto for Horn and Strings (1951)
  • Concerto for Flute and Strings(1952)
  • Scherzo for Two Trumpets, Horn, and Trombone (1952)
  • Concerto for Violin and Strings (1954)
  • Concerto for Cello and Strings (1955)
  • Prelude and Toccata (1955), orchestra
  • Concerto for Trombone and Orchestra (1956)
  • Piano Trio (1956)
  • Oboe Concerto no. 2 (1956)
  • Piano Concerto no. 2 (1957)
  • The Pied Piper: 2 unaccompanied pieces for solo flute/piccolo; The Spell (solo flute) and March to the River Weser (solo piccolo) (1958)
  • Divertimento (1968), 8 winds
  • Concerto for Piano Duet (3 hands) and Orchestra (1969)
  • Introduction and Rondo (1972), clarinet choir
  • Suite for Tuba and Strings (1972)
  • Fantasia for Euphonium and Wind Band (1974)
  • Pro Corda Suite (1977), string quartet and string orchestra
  • Symphony AD 78 (1978), concert band
  • Sonata for Viola and Piano (1978)
  • Viola Concerto no. 2 (1979)
  • Concerto for Timpani and Wind Band (1984)

[edit] Books

  • Orchestral Technique (1931)
  • How to Read a Score (1944)
  • The Composer and his Art (1955)
  • The Elements of Orchestration (1962)

[edit] References

[edit] External links

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ (Lyttelton/Hart-Davis Letters, 23 January 1958)