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University of California, Berkeley
[[Image:ucseal 110x110.gif|110px|
This image is a candidate for speedy deletion. It may be deleted after Sunday, 18 November 2007.]]
Motto: Fiat Lux
(Latin, Let There Be Light)
Established: March 23, 1868
Type: Public
Endowment: US $3.34 billion (August 15, 2007)[1]
Chancellor: Robert Birgeneau
Faculty: 1,950
Undergraduates: 23,482
Postgraduates: 10,076
Location: Berkeley, California, United States
Campus: Urban, 1,232 acres (5 km²)
Colors:          Yale Blue and California Gold
Mascot: Oski
Athletics: NCAA Division I
California Golden Bears
Affiliations: University of California, Pacific Ten, IARU, AAU
Website: berkeley.edu
100px
Sather tower (the Campanile) looking out over the San Francisco Bay and Mount Tamalpais.
Sather tower (the Campanile) looking out over the San Francisco Bay and Mount Tamalpais.

The University of California, Berkeley is a major research university located in Berkeley, California, United States. Informally referred to by such abbreviations as Cal, UC Berkeley, and simply Berkeley, it is the oldest of the ten campuses affiliated with the University of California. Berkeley offers some 300 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines. The university occupies 1,232 acres (5 km²) with the central campus resting on approximately 200 acres (0.8 km²).

The University was founded in 1868 in a merger of the private College of California and the public Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts College. By the 1930s, Berkeley had established itself as a premier research university, and today counts sixty-one Nobel Laureates among its faculty, researchers and alumni. Berkeley physicists led and hand-picked the team of scientists who worked on the Manhattan Project, which developed the atomic bomb during World War II and the hydrogen bomb soon afterwards. The University has managed Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the nation's two principal nuclear weapons labs (now also used for more peaceful research) at Livermore, California, and Los Alamos, New Mexico, ever since.

Among their many achievements, Berkeley scientists invented the cyclotron, discovered the anti-proton, played a key role in developing the laser, explained the processes underlying photosynthesis, isolated the polio virus, designed experiments that confirmed Bell's Theorem, created the widely used BSD Unix computer operating system, and discovered numerous transuranic elements on the Periodic Table, including seaborgium, plutonium, berkelium, lawrencium and californium. UC Berkeley's faculty also continue to sustain a distinguished record in fields outside the physical sciences: they have received four Fields Medals in mathematics (ten percent of all those awarded) as well as four Nobel Prizes in economics, one Nobel Prize in literature, three Pulitzer Prizes, 28 MacArthur Fellowships, 92 Sloan Fellowships, 384 Guggenheim Fellowships, seven Wolf Prizes, and nine James S. McDonnell Foundation awards.

Berkeley student-athletes compete intercollegiately as the California Golden Bears. A member of both the Pacific Ten Conference and the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation in the NCAA, Cal students have won national titles in many sports, including: football, men's basketball, baseball, softball, water polo, rugby and crew. In addition, they have won over 100 Olympic medals. The official colors of the university and its athletic teams are Yale blue and California gold.

Contents

thumb|right|250px|UC Berkeley campus circa 1940

[edit] History

[edit] Founding

In 1866, the land that comprises the current Berkeley campus was purchased by the private College of California. Because it lacked sufficient funds to operate, it eventually merged with the state-run Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts College to form the University of California. The university's charter was signed by California Governor Henry H. Haight on March 23, 1868 and Henry Durant, the founder of the College of California, became its first president.

The university opened in 1869 using the former College of California's buildings in Oakland as a temporary home while the new campus underwent construction.[2] With the completion of North and South Halls in 1875, the university relocated to its Berkeley location with 167 male and 222 female students.[3]

[edit] Early development

The University came of age under the direction of Benjamin Ide Wheeler, who was University President from 1899 to 1919. Its reputation grew as President Wheeler succeeded in attracting renowned faculty to the campus and procuring research and scholarship funds.[2] The campus began to take on the look of a contemporary university with Beaux-Arts and neoclassical buildings, including California Memorial Stadium (1923) designed by architect John Galen Howard;[4] these buildings form the core of UC Berkeley's present campus architecture.

Robert Gordon Sproul assumed the presidency in 1930 and during his tenure of 28 years, UC Berkeley gained international recognition as a major research university. Prior to taking office, Sproul took a six month tour of other universities and colleges to study their educational and administrative methods and to establish connections through which he could draw talented faculty in the future.[5] The Great Depression and World War II led to funding cutbacks, but Sproul was able to maintain academic and research standards by campaigning for private funds. By 1942, the American Council on Education ranked UC Berkeley second only to Harvard University in the number of distinguished departments.[6]

[edit] World War II

During World War II, Ernest Orlando Lawrence's Radiation Laboratory in the hills above Berkeley began to contract with the U.S. Army to develop the atomic bomb, which would involve Berkeley's cutting-edge research in nuclear physics, including Glenn Seaborg's then-secret discovery of plutonium (Room 307 of Gilman Hall, where Seaborg discovered plutonium, would later be a National Historic Landmark). UC Berkeley physics professor J. Robert Oppenheimer was named scientific head of the Manhattan Project in 1942.[7][8] Along with the descendant of the Radiation Lab, the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the University of California manages two other labs of similar age, Los Alamos National Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, which were established in 1943 and 1952, respectively.

[edit] 1950s and 1960s political influences

During the McCarthy era in 1949, the Board of Regents adopted an anti-communist loyalty oath to be signed by all University of California employees. A number of faculty members objected to the oath requirement and were dismissed;[9] ten years passed before they were reinstated with back pay.[10] One of them, Edward C. Tolman—the noted comparative psychologist— has a building on campus named after him housing the departments of psychology and education. An oath to "support and defend the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the State of California against all enemies, foreign and domestic" is still required of all UC employees.[11][12]

In 1952, the University of California became an entity separate from the Berkeley campus as part of a major restructuring of the UC system. Each campus was given relative autonomy and its own Chancellor. Sproul assumed the presidency of the entire University of California system, and Clark Kerr became the first Chancellor of UC Berkeley.[13]

[edit] 1960s and the Free Speech Movement

Memorial Glade, at the center of the Berkeley campus.
Memorial Glade, at the center of the Berkeley campus.

UC Berkeley’s reputation for student activism was forged in the 1960s, beginning with the Free Speech Movement in 1964.[14] An impromptu response to the university’s ban on campus political activity, the Free Speech Movement led to the formal establishment of students’ freedom of expression. Student protests continued through the Vietnam War era in the 1960s, as campuses across the nation spoke out against American involvement in the war.

Perhaps the most publicized event in Berkeley was the People's Park protest in 1969, which was a conflict between the university and a number of Berkeley students and city residents over a plot of land on which the university intended to construct athletic fields. A grassroots effort by students and residents turned it into a community park, but after a few weeks, the university decided to reclaim control over the property. Law enforcement was sent in and the park was bulldozed, setting off a protest. California governor Ronald Reagan — who had said in his gubernatorial election campaign that he would clean up the perceived unruliness at Berkeley and other university campuses — called in National Guard troops and more violence erupted, resulting in over a dozen people hospitalized, a police officer stabbed, a bystander blinded, and the death of one student.[15] The university ultimately decided not to develop People’s Park, though it remains the owner of the property.

[edit] Present day

Today, students at UC Berkeley are generally considered to be far less politically active than their predecessors, but Berkeley freshmen are statistically more liberal and less religious than their national counterparts. On some issues, such as rights of criminal defendants, Berkeley students are more conservative than their national counterparts. However, they also tend to support race's irrelevance in college admissions more than their national counterparts[16].

As state funding for higher education declines, Berkeley has increasingly turned to private sources to maintain basic research programs. In 2007, the oil giant BP donated $500 million to Berkeley and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign to establish a joint research laboratory to develop biofuels, the Hewlett Foundation gave $113 million to endow 100 faculty chairs, and Dow Chemical gave $10 million for a research program in sustainability to be overseen by a Dow executive.[17][18]

[edit] British Petroleum / BP Deal

The $500 million ten-year contract between UC Berkeley, the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and BP (formerly British Petroleum), one of the world’s largest energy production companies, officially went into effect Wednesday November 14, 2007.[19] The "grant" is the largest in the University’s history. The deal has garnered criticism from some students and faculty who claim the agreement was negotiated in secret, and that it threatens Berkeley’s reputation as an autonomous and democratic institution of higher learning.[20] Supporters of the deal, on the other hand, assert that the infusion of capital from the venture will benefit the campus as a whole at a time when public universities are dealing with increasing cuts in State and Federal funding. They also point out that the BP deal focuses on developing alternative energy, an important issue in today's world.[21]

Nuclear physicist and BP Chief Scientist Steve Koonin began the process that led to BP’s selection of Berkeley as a co-recipient of the grant.[19] Berkeley faculty and graduate students will aid BP scientists in designing and implementing genetically modified plants and microbes which can be used in the Bio-fuel industry. However, some Berkeley professors including Ignacio Chapela and Miguel Altieri claim that the project will displace farmland needed for food crops in poor nations and replace them with patented crops owned by multinational corporations. At the same time, however, genetically modified plants often survive much better and provide much more nutrients than their more organic counterparts, providing a greater yield in terms of both absolute amount of food produced and in terms of nutrition. Many critics of bio-fuels also point out that while fuels such as bioethanol burn cleaner than traditional fossil fuels, rainforests worldwide are being clear cut to make way for the planting of bio-fuel crops like corn negating any benefit, and that the production of corn-based fuels pollutes air more and consumes more energy than burning fossil fuels.[20]

In March of 2007 the UC Regents, who signed the deal, voted to build a new research facility to house the Energy Biosciences Institute (EBI), BP’s chosen name for the project. University officials describe it as “the first public-private institution of this scale in the world.” [19][22]

[edit] Campus

View of the Berkeley Campus from the Big C on the foothills to the east
View of the Berkeley Campus from the Big C on the foothills to the east

UC Berkeley encompasses approximately 1,232 acres (5 km²), though the main campus occupies only the low-lying western 178 acres (0.7 km²). Of the 1000 acres (4 km²) or so uphill area, approximately 200 acres (0.8 km²) are occupied by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; other facilities above the main campus include the Lawrence Hall of Science and several research units, notably the Space Sciences Laboratory, and the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, while the remaining undeveloped 800 acres (3.2 km²) are an ecological preserve with additional land devoted to the University of California Botanical Garden and a recreation center in Strawberry Canyon . Bordering it to the west is the downtown business district of Berkeley; to the northwest is the neighborhood of North Berkeley, including the so-called Gourmet Ghetto, a commercial district known for high quality dining due to the presence of such world-renowned restaurants as Chez Panisse. Immediately to the north is a quiet residential neighborhood known as Northside with a large graduate student population[citation needed]; situated north of that are the upscale residential neighborhoods of the Berkeley Hills, where many faculty members live[citation needed]. Immediately southeast of campus lies fraternity row, and beyond that the Clark Kerr Campus and an upscale residential area named Claremont. The area south of the university includes student housing and Telegraph Avenue, one of Berkeley's main shopping districts with stores, street vendors and restaurants catering to college students and tourists.

[edit] Architecture

Main article: University of California, Berkeley Campus Architecture
South Hall (1873), one of the two original buildings of the University of California, still stands on the Berkeley campus
South Hall (1873), one of the two original buildings of the University of California, still stands on the Berkeley campus

What is considered the historic campus today was the result of the 1898 "International Competition for the Phoebe Hearst Architectural Plan for the University of California," funded by William Randolph Hearst’s mother and initially held in the Belgian city of Antwerp; eleven finalists were judged again in San Francisco in 1899.[23] The winner was Frenchman Emile Bernard, however he refused to personally supervise the implementation of his plan and the task was subsequently given to architecture professor John Galen Howard. Howard designed over twenty buildings, which set the tone for the campus up until its expansion in the 1950s and 1960s. The structures forming the “classical core” of the campus were built in the Beaux-Arts Classical style, and include Hearst Greek Theatre, Hearst Memorial Mining Building, Doe Memorial Library, California Hall, Wheeler Hall, (Old) Le Conte Hall, Gilman Hall, Haviland Hall, Wellman Hall, Sather Gate, and the 307-foot (94 m) Sather Tower (nicknamed "the Campanile" after its architectural inspiration, St Mark's Campanile in Venice). Buildings he regarded as temporary, nonacademic, or not particularly "serious" were designed in shingle or Collegiate Gothic styles; examples of these are North Gate Hall, Dwinelle Annex, and Stephens Hall. Many of Howard’s designs are recognized California Historical Landmarks and are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Built in 1873 in a Victorian Second-Empire-style, South Hall is the oldest university building in California. It, and the Frederick Law Olmsted-designed Piedmont Avenue east of the main campus, are the only remnants from the original University of California before John Galen Howard's buildings were constructed. Other architects whose work can be found in the campus and surrounding area are Bernard Maybeck[24] (best known for the Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco), Maybeck's student Julia Morgan (Hearst Women's Gymnasium), Charles Willard Moore (Haas School of Business) and Joseph Esherick (Wurster Hall).

[edit] Natural features

Strawberry Creek, as seen between Dwinelle Hall and Lower Sproul Plaza.
Strawberry Creek, as seen between Dwinelle Hall and Lower Sproul Plaza.

Flowing into the main campus are two branches of Strawberry Creek. The south fork enters a culvert upstream of the recreational complex at the mouth of Strawberry Canyon and passes beneath California Memorial Stadium before appearing again in Faculty Glade. It then runs through the center of the campus before disappearing underground at the west end of campus. The north fork appears just east of University House and runs through the glade north of the Valley Life Sciences Building, the original site of the Campus Arboretum.

Trees in the area date from the founding of the University in the 1870s. The campus, itself, contains numerous wooded areas; including: Founders' Rock, Faculty Glade, Grinnell Natural Area, and the Eucalyptus Grove, which is both the tallest stand of such trees in the world and the tallest stand of hardwood trees in North America.[25]

[edit] Organization

[edit] Chancellors

The position of Chancellor was created in 1952 during the reorganization and expansion of the University of California; there have since been nine inaugurated chancellors (one was acting chancellor):

Chancellors of UC Berkeley Years as Chancellor
1 Clark Kerr (1952–58)
2 Glenn T. Seaborg (1958–61)
3 Edward W. Strong (1961–65)
4 Martin E. Meyerson (1965, acting)
5 Roger W. Heyns (1965–71)
6 Albert H. Bowker (1971–80)
7 Ira Michael Heyman (1980–90)
8 Chang-Lin Tien (1990–97)
9 Robert M. Berdahl (1997–2004)
10 Robert J. Birgeneau (2004–present)

[edit] Colleges and schools

Haas School of Business
Haas School of Business

Berkeley's 130-plus academic departments and programs are organized into 14 unique colleges and schools. "Colleges" are both undergraduate and graduate, while "Schools" are generally graduate only, though some offer undergraduate majors, minors, or courses.

[edit] Academic Centers

  • Center for Middle Eastern Studies. Ambassador Farid Abboud and Ambassador Barbara

Bodine visit Berkeley

[26]

[edit] Labor unions representing UC Berkeley employees

  • UPTE University Professional and Technical Employees — health care, technical and research workers
  • CUE Coalition of University Employees — clericals
  • UC-AFT University Council-American Federation of Teachers — lecturers and librarians
  • UAW United Auto Workers — Academic student employees
  • AFSCME American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees — service workers and patient care technical employees
  • CNA California Nurses Association — Nurses

[edit] Academics

Berkeley has had 20 Nobel Laureates on its faculty and 61 affiliated with the university
Berkeley has had 20 Nobel Laureates on its faculty and 61 affiliated with the university

Berkeley is a comprehensive university, offering over 7,000 courses in nearly 300 degree programs. The university awards over 5,500 bachelor's degrees, 2,000 master's degrees, 900 doctorates, and 200 law degrees each year. The student-faculty ratio is 15.5 to 1, among the lowest of any major university, and the average class consists of 30 students (not including discussion sections led by graduate student instructors). Class size ranges from introductory courses with hundreds of students and seminars with fewer than ten.

Berkeley's current faculty includes 221 American Academy of Arts and Sciences Fellows, 2 Fields Medal winners, 83 Fulbright Scholars, 139 Guggenheim Fellows, 87 members of the National Academy of Engineering, 132 members of the National Academy of Sciences, 8 Nobel Prize winners, 3 Pulitzer Prize winners, 84 Sloan Fellows, and 7 Wolf Prize winners.[27] 61 Nobel Laureates are associated with the university, the sixth most of any university in the world; twenty have served on its faculty. (See list of distinguished Berkeley faculty.)

Berkeley's enrollment of National Merit Scholars was third in the nation until 2002, when participation in the National Merit program was discontinued.[28]

[edit] Campus Enrollment

The following statistics are calculated from the Fall 2005 enrollment and were released by the University of California system (the 2006 statistics will be released Fall 2007):

  • Total Enrollment: 33,558
  • Undergraduate Enrollment: 23,482
Women: 12,640
Men: 10,842
  • Graduate Enrollment: 10,076
Women: 4,643
Men: 5,433
  • Undergraduates by Ethnicity (total exceeds 100%):
African American: 3.5%
Native American: 0.5%
Asian/Pacific Islander: 41.4%
Chicano/Latino: 10.6%
White: 31%
Other: 1.6%
Not Stated: 8.1%
International: 3.3%
  • Undergraduates Living on Campus: 28%

[edit] Rankings

Sather gate and Sather tower (the Campanile) from Sproul Plaza on the UC Berkeley campus
Sather gate and Sather tower (the Campanile) from Sproul Plaza on the UC Berkeley campus

According to the National Research Council, Berkeley ranks first nationally in the number of graduate programs in the top ten in their fields (97%, 35 of 36 programs) and first nationally in the number of "distinguished" programs for the scholarship of the faculty (32 programs).[29] Berkeley is the only university in the nation to achieve top 5 rankings for all of its PhD programs in those disciplines covered by the US News and World Report graduate school survey. In a survey of "Top American Research Universities" released by The Center for Measuring University Performance at Arizona State University, Berkeley ranked eighth overall and first among public institutions.[30]

In addition to its distinguished post-graduate programs, US News also consistently ranks Berkeley as the nation’s top undergraduate public university and within the top three for both Undergraduate Business and Undergraduate Engineering. U.S. News & World Report recently ranked Berkeley's undergraduate program twenty-first nationally in terms of "academic excellence." In its 2007 annual college rankings, The Washington Monthly ranks Berkeley third nationally with criteria based on research, community service, and social mobility.[31]

The THES - QS World University Rankings[32] ranked Berkeley eighth in the world in 2006 [4], and the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute for Higher Education ranked Berkeley third in the world [5] in its 2007 rankings. Those rankings were based upon alumni and faculty quality defined by academic reputation, as well as awards won, papers published, international presence, student to faculty ratio, frequency of citation by peers, and performance relative to size. In the 2006 international edition of Newsweek, Berkeley was the fifth-ranked global university.[6]

[edit] Admissions

Main article: University of California, Berkeley Student Admissions

Berkeley is perennially the most selective of the institutions affiliated with the University of California, and one of the most selective universities in the United States. For the 2007-08 academic year, approximately 4387 freshman (including U.S. and international students) matriculated from an applicant pool of 44,127. The average person admitted as a freshman in 2007 had a weighted GPA of 4.25/4.00, while those who matriculated in 2006 had an average GPA of 4.26/4.00 [7] and average score of 1975 out of 2400 (approximately 94th percentile) on the SAT admissions test.

Graduate admissions vary by department, although in 2006 the university's doctoral programs admitted 1,058 students from a pool of 14,263 applicants.[33]

The north side of Doe Library with Memorial Glade in the foreground.
The north side of Doe Library with Memorial Glade in the foreground.

[edit] Library system

Main article: University of California, Berkeley Library System

Berkeley’s 32 libraries together tie for fourth largest academic library in the United States with University of Illinois, surpassed only by the Library of Congress, Harvard, and Yale. In 2003, the Association of Research Libraries ranked it as the top public and third overall university library in North America based on various statistical measures of quality.[34]As of 2006, Berkeley’s library system contains over 10 million volumes and maintains over 70,000 serial titles.[35] The libraries together cover over 12 acres of land and comprise one of the largest library complexes in the world.[36] Doe Library serves as the library system's reference, periodical, and administrative center, while most of the main collections are housed in the subterranean Gardner Main Stacks and Moffitt Undergraduate Library. The Bancroft Library, with holdings of over 400,000 printed volumes, maintains a collection that documents the history of the western part of North America, with an emphasis on California, Mexico and Central America.

[edit] Contributions to computer science

Unix, filiation of Unix systems
Unix, filiation of Unix systems

Berkeley has nurtured a number of key technologies associated with the early development of the Internet and the Free software movement. The original Berkeley Software Distribution, commonly known as BSD Unix, was assembled in 1977 by Bill Joy, then a graduate student in the computer science department. Joy, who went on to co-found Sun Microsystems, also developed the original version of vi. PostgreSQL emerged from faculty research begun in the late 1970s. Sendmail was developed at Berkeley in 1981. BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain package) was written by a team of graduate students around the same time period. The Tcl programming language and the Tk GUI toolkit were developed by faculty member John Ousterhout in 1988. SPICE and espresso, popular tools for IC Designers, were invented at Berkeley under the direction of Professor Donald Pederson. The RAID and RISC technologies were both developed at Berkeley under David Patterson.

Perhaps the most influential contributions to computing from UC Berkeley have been the algorithms and analysis of floating-point arithmetic, led by Professor William Kahan. They include extensive and ongoing contributions to the IEEE 754 standard.

The XCF, an undergraduate research group located in Soda Hall, has been responsible for a number of notable software projects, including GTK+, The GIMP, and the initial diagnosis of the Morris worm. In 1992 Pei-Yuan Wei, an undergraduate at the XCF, created ViolaWWW, one of the first graphical web browsers. ViolaWWW was the first browser to have embedded scriptable objects, stylesheets, and tables. In the spirit of Open Source, he donated the code to Sun Microsystems, inspiring Java applets. ViolaWWW would also inspire researchers at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications to create the Mosaic web browser.

thumb|right|240px|Screenshot of SETI at Home scientific research projectSETI@home was one of the first widely disseminated distributed computing projects, allowing hobbyists and enthusiasts to participate in scientific research by donating unused computer processor cycles in the form of a screen saver.

In an interesting example of the confluence of disparate ideas, many of the arguments for the efficacy of Open Source software development, and of the Wikipedia project itself, find parallels in writings on urban planning and architecture published in the late 1970s by Christopher Alexander, a Berkeley professor of architecture. At the same time, John Searle, a Berkeley professor of philosophy, introduced a critique of artificial intelligence using the metaphor of a Chinese Room.

Berkeley has established partnerships with Google, Intel, Microsoft, Sun Microsystems, and Yahoo!. Intel Research Berkeley's small industrial lab near the main UC Berkeley campus brings together researchers from Intel and Berkeley to pursue open and collaborative research into realms including Technology and Infrastructure for Emerging Regions, Delay Tolerant Networking, rural connectivity and networks as databases. Yahoo! Research Berkeley Labs focuses on mobile media technology and social media in a facility adjacent to the campus. Sun Microsystems, Google, and Microsoft are funding a $7.5 million dollar Reliable, Adaptive and Distributed Systems Laboratory to develop more reliable computing systems.

[edit] Distinguished Berkeley people

Nobel Prizes have been awarded to twenty past and present faculty, among the 61 Nobel laureates associated with the university.

See also:

[edit] Student life

[edit] Athletics

Main article: California Golden Bears

Cal's sports teams compete in intercollegiate athletics as the California Golden Bears. They participate in the NCAA's Division I-A as a member of the Pacific Ten Conference. The official school colors, established in 1873 by a committee of students, are Yale Blue and California Gold.[37] Yale Blue was chosen because many of the university's founders were Yale University graduates (for example Henry Durant, the first university president), while California Gold was selected to represent the Golden State of California. Cal has a long history of excellence in athletics, having won national titles in football, men's basketball, baseball, softball, men's and women's crew, men's gymnastics, men's tennis, men's and women's swimming, men's water polo, men's track, and men's rugby. In addition, Cal athletes have won numerous individual NCAA titles in track, gymnastics, swimming and tennis.

The Golden Bears' traditional arch-rivalry is with the Stanford Cardinal. The most anticipated sporting event between the two universities is the annual football game dubbed the Big Game, and it is celebrated with spirit events on both campuses. Since 1933, the winner of the Big Game has been awarded custody of the Stanford Axe. One of the most famous moments in Big Game history occurred during the 85th Big Game on November 20, 1982. In what has become known as "the band play" or simply The Play, Cal scored the winning touchdown in the final seconds with a kickoff return that involved a series of laterals and the Stanford marching band rushing onto the field.

California finished in sixth place[8] in the NACDA Director's Cup standings (Formerly the Sears Cup), which measures the best overall collegiate athletic programs in the country, with points awarded for national finishes in NCAA sports. With 865.5 points, Cal's seventh place finish is the highest in the school's history.

UC Rally Committee running Cal flags across the Memorial Stadium field at the 2002 Big Game. (Note the Stanford visitors section on the left and the UC Berkeley alumni section on the right.)
UC Rally Committee running Cal flags across the Memorial Stadium field at the 2002 Big Game. (Note the Stanford visitors section on the left and the UC Berkeley alumni section on the right.)

Cal National Championships

Sport Championships
Baseball
Men's Basketball
  • (1) NCAA Championship
  • (1) NIT Championship
Men's Crew
  • (15) National Championships
Women's Crew
  • (3) National Championships
Football
  • (3) National Championships
Men's Golf
  • (1) National Championship
Men's Gymnastics
  • (4) Team NCAA Championships
  • (21) Individual NCAA Champions
Men's Lacrosse
  • (1) USLIA MDIA National Championship
Men's Rugby
  • (23) National Championships
Softball
  • (1) NCAA championship
Men's Swimming
  • (2) Team NCAA Championships
  • (42) Individual NCAA Champions
  • (12) NCAA Relay Championships
Women's Swimming
  • (21) Individual NCAA Champions
  • (2) NCAA Relay Championships
Men's Tennis
  • (1) NCAA Championship
  • (2) NCAA Singles Champions
  • (9) NCAA Doubles Championships
Women's Tennis
  • (4) NCAA Doubles Championships
  • (1) NCAA Singles Champion
Men's Track & Field
  • (1) NCAA Team Championship
  • (30) Individual NCAA Champions
Women's Track & Field
  • (4) Individual NCAA Champions
Men's Water Polo
  • (12) NCAA Championships
Total Team Championships 70

[edit] Traditions

The official university mascot is Oski the Bear, who first debuted in 1941. Previously, live bear cubs were used as mascots at Memorial Stadium. It was decided in 1940 that a costumed mascot would be a better alternative to a live bear. Named after the Oski-wow-wow yell, he is cared for by the Oski Committee, who have exclusive knowledge of the identity of the costume-wearer.[38]

The University of California Marching Band, which has served the university since 1891, performs at every home football game and at select road games as well. A smaller subset of the Cal Band, the Straw Hat Band, performs at basketball games, volleyball games, and other campus and community events.[39]

The UC Rally Committee, formed in 1901, is the official guardian of California's Spirit and Traditions. Wearing their traditional blue and gold rugbies, Rally Committee members can be seen at all major sporting and spirit events. Committee members are charged with the maintenance of the five Cal flags, the large California banner overhanging the Memorial Stadium Student Section and Haas Pavilion, the California Victory Cannon, Card Stunts and The Big "C" among other duties. The Rally Committee is also responsible for safekeeping of the Stanford Axe when it is in Cal's possession.[40] The Chairman of the Rally Committee holds the title "Custodian of the Axe" while it is in the Committee's care.

Overlooking the main Berkeley campus from the foothills in the east, The Big "C" is an important symbol of California school spirit. The Big "C" has its roots in an early 20th century campus event called "Rush," which pitted the freshman and sophomore classes against each other in a race up Charter Hill that often developed into a wrestling match. It was eventually decided to discontinue Rush and, in 1905, the freshman and sophomore classes banded together in a show of unity to build The Big "C".[41] Owing to its prominent position, the Big C is often the target of pranks by rival Stanford University students who paint the Big C red and also fraternities and sororities who paint it their organization's colors. One of the Rally Committee's functions is to repaint The Big "C" to its traditional color of King Alfred Yellow.

Cal students invented the college football tradition of card stunts. Then known as Bleacher Stunts, they were first performed during the 1910 Big Game and consisted of two stunts: a picture of the Stanford Axe and a large blue "C" on a white background. The tradition continues today in the Cal student section and incorporates complicated motions, for example tracing the Cal script logo on a blue background with an imaginary yellow pen.[42]

The California Victory Cannon, placed on Tightwad Hill overlooking the stadium, is fired before every football home game, after every score, and after every Cal victory. First used in the 1963 Big Game, it was originally placed on the sidelines before moving to Tightwad Hill in 1971. The only time the cannon ran out of ammunition was during a game against Pacific in 1991, when Cal scored 12 touchdowns.[43]

Other traditions have included events which span only a period of a few years. William (or Willie) the Polka Dot Man was a performance artist who frequented Sproul Plaza during the late 1970s and early 1980s.[44] The Naked Guy (now deceased[45]) and Larry the Drummer, who performed Batman tunes, appeared in the late 1980s and early 1990s.[46][47]

[edit] Student housing

UC Berkeley's student housing accommodates a variety of personal and academic preferences and styles. Presently, the university offers two years of guaranteed housing for entering freshmen, and one year for entering transfer students. The immediately surrounding community offers apartments, Greek (fraternity and sorority) housing, and student housing co-ops.

Main article: UC Berkeley student housing
Cunningham Hall and the newly-built Towle Hall, part of the Unit 2 dormitory complex
Cunningham Hall and the newly-built Towle Hall, part of the Unit 2 dormitory complex

There are four dormitory complexes south of campus in the City of Berkeley: Units 1, 2, 3, and Clark Kerr. Units 1, 2 and 3 offer high-rise accommodations with common areas on every other floor. Dining commons and other central facilities are shared by the high-rises. Because of their communal design and location in the city, these dormitories tend to be the more social of the housing options. Units 1 and 2 also have many of the newest dormitory buildings, which are intended for continuing and transfer students.[48] Just outside these complexes are the Channing-Bowditch and Ida Jackson apartments, also intended for older students.[49][50] Farther away from campus is Clark Kerr, a dormitory complex that houses many student athletes and was once a school for the deaf and blind. This complex is considered the most spacious and luxurious accommodation south of campus.

Bowles Hall, as seen at the 2003 Homecoming and Parents Weekend
Bowles Hall, as seen at the 2003 Homecoming and Parents Weekend

In the foothills, east of the central campus, there are three additional dormitory complexes: Foothill, Stern, and Bowles. Foothill is a co-ed suite-style dorm reminiscent of a Swiss chalet. Just south of Foothill, overlooking the Hearst Greek Theatre, is the all-girls traditional-style Stern Hall, which boasts an original mural by Diego Rivera. Because of their proximity to the College of Engineering and College of Chemistry, these dorms often house science and engineering majors. They tend to be quieter than the southside complexes, but because of their location next to the theatre, often get free glimpses of concerts. Bowles Hall, the oldest state-owned dormitory in California, is located immediately north of California Memorial Stadium. Dedicated in 1929 and on the National Register of Historic Places, this all-men’s dormitory has large quad-occupancy rooms and has the appearance of a castle. This dorm is like a fraternity, with many of its residents staying all four years. However, in 2005 the university decided to limit Bowles to freshmen because of complaints that it had become too raucous and was jeopardizing the learning environment.[51] Bowles houses was once ranked as one of Playboy Magazine's top-10 college parties during Halloween, however the university within the past few years has cracked down on this activity. Currently, the residence is being courted by the Haas School of Business to become housing for scholars and business professionals who visit Berkeley.[52] There is a great deal of opposition to this plan, and no final decisions have been made.

Family student housing consists of two main groups of housing: University Village and Smyth-Fernwald. University Village is located three miles (5 km) north-west of campus in Albany, California. The demolition of older buildings and their subsequent replacement with new, more expensive apartment units has prompted student protests. The Village Residents Association, a funding and advocacy group in University Village, filmed a video documentary regarding the lack of affordable student family housing in June, 2007.[53] Smyth-Fernwald is scheduled for demolition in 2010.

[edit] Student groups

Cal Straw Hat Band (a smaller subset of the Cal Band) playing at SeaWorld in San Diego, California.
Cal Straw Hat Band (a smaller subset of the Cal Band) playing at SeaWorld in San Diego, California.

UC Berkeley has over 700 established student groups.

UC Berkeley has a reputation for student activism, stemming from the 1960s and the Free Speech Movement. Today, Berkeley is known as a lively campus with activism in many forms, from email petitions, presentations on Sproul Plaza and volunteering, to the occasional protest. Political student groups on campus numbered 94 in 2006-2007 school year, including Berkeley ACLU, Berkeley Students for Life, Campus Greens, Cal Berkeley Democrats, and the Berkeley College Republicans. Berkeley sends the most students to the Peace Corps of any university in the nation.[54]

The IDEAL Scholars Fund was established by four alumni to increase the number of underrepresented minorities at UC Berkeley. The Fund tries to counter the perceived effects of California Proposition 209, which ended Affirmative Action in California and in the University of California system. Some claimed there was a reduction in the numbers of Latino, African American and Native American students and rekindled their activism on campus concerning issues of race. However, supporters of Proposition 209 have noted that the number of Asian American students, a small minority group, has dramatically increased following its passage. Racial preferences remain a controversial topic, with some students supporting them while many others are opposed to what they see as reverse racism.

The Associated Students of the University of California (ASUC) is the student government organization that controls funding for student groups and organizes on-campus student events. It is considered one of the most autonomous student governments at any public university in the U.S.

UC Berkeley's independent student-run newspaper is the Daily Californian. Founded in 1871, The Daily Cal became independent in 1971 after the campus administration fired three senior editors for encouraging readers to take back People's Park.

Berkeley's FM radio station, KALX, broadcasts on 90.7 MHz. It is run largely by volunteers, including both students and community members.

Berkeley Model United Nations is the oldest running high school Model United Nations conference in the nation holding an annual conference on campus with over 1500 high school students participating.

Berkeley's student-run television station, CalTV, was formed in 2005 and broadcasts online. It is run by students with a variety of backgrounds and majors.

Democratic Education at Cal, or DeCal, is a program that promotes the creation of professor-sponsored, student-facilitated classes through the Special Studies 98/198 program. DeCal arose out of the 1960s Free Speech movement and was officially established in 1981. The program offers some 150 courses on a vast range of subjects that appeal to the Berkeley student community, including classes on The Simpsons, Poker, South Park, Superman, Batman, conspiracy theories, political debate and DJing.[9]

[edit] Fraternities and sororities

Main article: List of fraternities and sororities at University of California, Berkeley

[edit] Names

At the time of its founding, Berkeley was the first full-curriculum public university in the state of California and thus was known as the University of California. As occurred in other states with only a single major public university, University of California was frequently shortened to California or Cal, for ease of identification. Because the school's long sports tradition stretches back to an era before the founding of the other University of California branches, its athletic teams continue to be designated as California Golden Bears, Cal Bears, or simply, Cal.

As a reflection of the University of California's development into a multi-institutional university system, the term University of California is no longer applied to the campus outside of varsity sports; the official name is University of California, Berkeley. Informally, the campus is called UC Berkeley, Berkeley, or Cal, which are all official variations. The term University of California has come to refer to the entire University of California system. The campus office for trademarks disallows the use of Cal Berkeley,[55] though it is occasionally used colloquially. Unlike most University of California campuses, which are commonly known by their initials, usage of UCB is discouraged (as is University of California at Berkeley), and the domain name is berkeley.edu. While ucb.edu and ucberkeley.edu are also registered by the school, they are not actively used.

Berkeley is sometimes confused with Berklee College of Music, a private music school in Boston, Massachusetts, or Berkeley College, a private college with campuses in New York and New Jersey; it is not affiliated with either.

[edit] Relationship with the United States military

The military has been and continues to be an integral part of UC Berkeley's history since the university's birth. In fact, military training was compulsory at the university from 1870 to 1962.

The University of California came into being in 1868 as a merger between the College of California (a private institution incorporated in 1855 that was constrained by its limited finances) and the Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts College (a public institution formed in 1866). The latter was created by the state legislature after it took advantage of the federal Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act of 1862, which offered states a grant of public land if they would establish a public college teaching agriculture, mechanical arts, and military tactics.

Thus the precursor to the army's Reserve Officer Training Corps was born. In exchange for California's share of 150,000 acres (600 km²), the first male undergraduates at the new University of California were required to serve two hours per week for four years being trained in tactics, dismounted drill, marksmanship, camp duty, military engineering, and fortifications. North Hall, which no longer exists, housed an armory.

The university president's report from 1902 states that "The University Cadets from last year numbered no less than 866. Appointments as second lieutenants in the regular army have been conferred upon several men who have distinguished themselves as officers in the University Cadets. It is very much to be hoped that the War Department will establish permanently the policy of offering such appointments to the graduates of each year who show the highest ability in military pursuits."

In 1904, the service requirement was dropped to two years, and in 1917, Cal's ROTC was established more or less as it exists today with ROTC programs for the four main branches of the military.

Commander Chester W. Nimitz established the Naval ROTC at Cal in the fall of 1926. Transferred in June 1929, Captain Nimitz left a unit of 150 midshipmen enrolled with a staff of six commissioned and six petty officers. Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz never lost his admiration of Cal, and he retired in Berkeley.

During World War II, the military increased its presence on campus to churn out recruits from the officer training corps. The army program took over Bowles Hall, a dormitory, and the naval program took over the International House and several fraternities for its trainees. By 1944, more than 1,000 navy personnel were studying at Cal, roughly one out of every four male Berkeley students.

With the end of the war and the subsequent rise of student activism, the California Board of Regents succumbed to pressure from the student government and ended compulsory military training at Berkeley in 1962.

Former secretary of defense Robert McNamara and former Army chief of staff Frederick C. Weyand are both graduates of Cal's ROTC program.

[edit] References in pop culture

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See also: List of University of California, Berkeley alumni#Fictional
  • Various scenes from the film Pirates of Silicon Valley are set on university campus. Steve Wozniak, who along with Steve Jobs was co-founder of Apple Computer and co-inventor of the personal computer that revolutionized modern life, is a graduate of Berkeley, as are numerous other Silicon Valley luminaries such as Andy Grove & Gordon Moore (former CEO and co-founder of Intel, respectively), and Eric Schmidt (CEO of Google), among many others.
  • Early scenes in the 1995 film Congo that are set on a university campus that is labeled "Berkeley" on the screen were actually shot at UCLA.
  • The historic Campanile (or Sather Tower) can be seen in the movie National Lampoon's "Van Wilder" during the judicial hearing scene out the window.
  • A brief shot of the Berkeley campus appears in the movie The Andromeda Strain as scientists around the world grapple with the appearance of a deadly new virus.
  • The Lawrence Hall of Science features prominently in the Science Fiction thriller "Colossus: The Forbin Project"
  • Parts of the movie The Graduate are set in Berkeley, with star Dustin Hoffman running through the campus and the Berkeley town center in search of his lover, Elaine Robinson (played by Katharine Ross). Although set in Berkeley, many of the scenes were filmed at the University of California, Los Angeles and the University of Southern California. The same film contains a scene shot near the campus on Telegraph Avenue (showing Moe's Books in the background). It has Hoffman join Ross on a bus going to San Francisco; however, their bus is actually heading north on Telegraph, not toward San Francisco. Another scene is shot using the interior of fraternity Theta Delta Chi where Hoffman seeks the whereabouts of Elaine Robinson.
  • The University of Plotinus, a thinly disguised version of Berkeley, is one of the main settings for David Lodge's novel Changing Places. The novel features parodies of various events at Berkeley in the late 1960's.
  • The comedy Junior includes scenes that were filmed on the UC Berkeley campus. Strangely, the fictional school in the movie is called "Leland University", which calls to mind the full name of Berkeley's traditional rival school, Leland Stanford Jr. University.
  • In Forrest Gump, Forrest (Tom Hanks) meets Jenny (Robin Wright Penn) and her boyfriend Wesley (Geoffrey Blake) during an anti-Vietnam War protest rally in Washington, D.C. Jenny tells Forrest that she lives with Wesley in Berkeley, where he is president of the Berkeley chapter of Students for a Democratic Society. In a later scene, a protest bus flies a banner proclaiming "Berkeley to DC".
  • In Legally Blonde, Elle Woods (played by Reese Witherspoon) has an exceptionally abrasive classmate at Harvard Law School ("Enid Wexler") who holds a Ph.D. in Women's Studies from Berkeley and "single-handedly organized a rally for Lesbians Against Drunk Driving."
  • Fictional alumni have appeared in movies and television shows such as Mona Lisa Smile, The OC, Grey's Anatomy, 24, and The West Wing. For a list of such characters, refer to List of University of California Berkeley alumni: Fictional.
  • In the opening scene of Made in America, Whoopi Goldberg rides her bike through UC Berkeley's south campus and then precariously weaves through heavy traffic on Telegraph Avenue.
  • Even though a recent episode of the popular teen dramedy The OC was set at Berkeley, the scenes were shot at the University of California, Los Angeles due to budget constraints. However, there is a lone shot of the Valley Life Sciences Building during the episode.
  • A shot of the Campanile and surrounding buildings with the caption "An Average College Somewhere in Texas" appears in the independent stoner-comedy Rolling Kansas
  • Parts of the film Boys and Girls starring Freddie Prinze Jr. and Claire Forlani, were filmed on the Berkeley campus. The characters fatefully, after meeting twice before in their lives, both end up studying at the same university.
  • Several interior classroom scenes from the film Patch Adams were filmed on the Berkeley campus in Le Conte Hall.
  • Cody's Books, Telegraph Avenue and portions of the campus feature in Who'll Stop the Rain with Nick Nolte and Tuesday Weld.
  • Ang Lee's "Hulk" centers Bruce Banner's work at a fictitious lab located on the Berkeley campus, likely as a part of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory judging from the location of Banner's lab in the hills on the east side of campus. Several shots show the Berkeley campus and the surrounding San Francisco Bay Area in the background as Bruce rides a mountain bike to his lab up what is known as "the fire trail," which leads into the hills.
  • Sharon Stone's famous movie Basic Instinct was based in San Francisco. In the movie, Catherine Tramell (played by Stone) was a UC Berkeley graduate. She was suspected of killing her own professor.
  • In the 1997 James Bond film Tomorrow Never Dies Charles Robinson (Colin Salmon) remarks that scientist in the film Dr. Henry Gupta, who is the techno-wizard for the film's evil genius, media mogul Eliot Carver, had started out as a student radical at Berkeley in the 1960s.
  • The 2003 Steven Spielberg film Catch Me If You Can is based on the true story of forger-turned-FBI-crime-fighting-expert Frank Abegnale, Jr., played by Leonardo DeCaprio. Abegnale pretends to have a law degree from Berkeley, partly to impress his fiance and his future father-in-law (played by Martin Sheen) who turns out to have a genuine Berkeley law degree.
  • Keds Shoes recently used the campus as well as student models in their ad campaign for their Fall 2006 line with their spokeswoman, Mischa Barton.
  • The movie Peaceful Warrior (2007) features a based-on-true-events story regarding a Berkeley graduate Dan Millman.

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ US News & World Report Updated 2007-08-15.
  2. ^ a b http://www.berkeley.edu/about/history/
  3. ^ http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/uchistory/general_history/campuses/ucb/overview.html
  4. ^ http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/CalHistory/brief-history.2.html
  5. ^ http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/uchistory/general_history/overview/presidents/index2.html#sproul
  6. ^ http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/uchistory/general_history/overview/presidents/index2.html#sproul
  7. ^ http://www.atomicarchive.com/History/mp/chronology.shtml
  8. ^ http://www.childrenofthemanhattanproject.org/HISTORY/H-06c11.htm
  9. ^ http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/uchistory/archives_exhibits/loyaltyoath/timelinesummary.html
  10. ^ http://www.dailycal.org/article.php?id=535
  11. ^ http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/.const/.article_20
  12. ^ http://www.dailycal.org/sharticle.php?id=542
  13. ^ http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/CalHistory/brief-history.2.html
  14. ^ http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/CalHistory/60s.html
  15. ^ "Berkeley in the 60s", Bancroft Library web exhibit. Ironically, People's Park remained an empty lot long after, and was eventually used by the university for other purposes. Online at http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/CalHistory/60s.html; Jeffery Kahn, "Ronald Reagan launched political career using the Berkeley campus as a target", UC Berkeley News (8 June 2004). Available online at http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2004/06/08_reagan.shtml.
  16. ^ http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/01/24_freshmen.shtml
  17. ^ Paddock, Richard C.. "Less to bank on at state universities", The Los Angeles Times, October 6, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-10-06. 
  18. ^ Schevitz, Tanya. "Cal given $10 million by Dow Chemical to work on sustainability", The San Francisco Chronicle, October 31, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-10-31. 
  19. ^ a b c Brenneman, Richard. "UC Signs BP Contract", Berkeley Daily Planet, November 13, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-11-15. 
  20. ^ a b Brenneman, Richard. "UC Academic Senate Confirms BP Contract", Berkeley Daily Planet, April 20, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-11-15. 
  21. ^ Burress, Charles. "UC Berkeley, BP finally sign contract for research project", November 15, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-11-14. 
  22. ^ UCBerkeleyNews (November 14, 2007). "Energy Biosciences Institute contract signed". Press release. Retrieved on 2007-11-14.
  23. ^ Online Exhibit on the Hearst Architectural Competition
  24. ^ McCoy, Esther (1960). Five California Architects. New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 6. ASIN B000I3Z52W. 
  25. ^ http://strawberrycreek.berkeley.edu/tour/08eucalyptus.html
  26. ^ Ambassador Farid Abboud and Ambassador Barbara Bodine visit Berkeley. Retrieved on 2007-08-13.
  27. ^ About UC Berkeley: Honors and Awards
  28. ^ http://www.ucnewswire.org/news_viewer.cfm?story_PK=4989
  29. ^ UC Berkeley Honors & Awards: Graduate Program Rankings
  30. ^ The Center for Measuring University Performance at Arizona State University
  31. ^ "National Universities", The Washington Monthly, August 2007. Retrieved on 2007-08-21. 
  32. ^ [1] — A 2006 ranking from the THES - QS of the world’s research universities.
  33. ^ UC Berkeley Performance Metrics
  34. ^ http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2002/06/20_libry.html
  35. ^ http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/news_events/whats-new.html
  36. ^ http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/97legacy/gard.html
  37. ^ http://resource.berkeley.edu/r_html/r01_04.html
  38. ^ http://calbears.collegesports.com/trads/cal-m-fb-mas.html
  39. ^ http://www.calband.berkeley.edu/calband/about/
  40. ^ http://ucrc.berkeley.edu/
  41. ^ http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/CalHistory/traditions.html
  42. ^ http://calbears.collegesports.com/trads/cal-m-fb-tour.html
  43. ^ http://calbears.collegesports.com/trads/victory-cannon.html
  44. ^ http://www.berkeley.edu/news/berkeleyan/2002/08/15_foley.html
  45. ^ http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2006-05-21-naked-guy-dies_x.htm
  46. ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Martinez
  47. ^ http://www.berkeley.edu/news/berkeleyan/2002/08/15_foley.html
  48. ^ http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2005/01/11_spring05.shtml
  49. ^ http://www.housing.berkeley.edu/livingatcal/channing_bowditch.html
  50. ^ http://www.housing.berkeley.edu/livingatcal/jackson_house.html
  51. ^ http://www.dailycal.org/sharticle.php?id=19190
  52. ^ contracostatimes.com: Haas eyes dorm to house program
  53. ^ http://ucbfamilyhousing.blogspot.com
  54. ^ http://www.ucop.edu/pathways/infoctr/introuc/ucb.html
  55. ^ Editorial style guide (pdf); see also [2], [3]

[edit] References

[edit] Further reading

  • Brechin, Gray (1999). Imperial San Francisco. UC Press Ltd. ISBN 0-520-21568-0. 
  • Cerny, Susan Dinkelspiel (2001). Berkeley Landmarks: An Illustrated Guide to Berkeley, California's Architectural Heritage. Berkeley Architectural Heritage Association. ISBN 0-9706676-0-4. 
  • Freeman, Jo (2003). At Berkeley in the Sixties: The Education of an Activist, 1961-1965. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-21622-2. 
  • Helfand, Harvey (2001). University of California, Berkeley. Princeton Architectural Press. ISBN 1-56898-293-3. 
  • Rorabaugh, W. J. (1990). Berkeley at War: The 1960s. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506667-7. 
  • Wong, Geoffrey (May 2001). A Golden State of Mind. Trafford Publishing. ISBN 1-55212-635-8. 

[edit] Partnerships

University of California, Berkeley, is a member of the Consortium of Academic Stewards for The Scholar Ship.

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

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