Gonzalo de Sandoval
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Gonzalo de Sandoval (1497, Medellin, Spain—late in 1528, Palos de la Frontera, Spain) was a Spanish conquistador in New Spain (Mexico) and briefly co-governor of the colony while Hernan Cortés was away from the capital (March 2, 1527 to August 22, 1527).
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[edit] Arrival in New Spain
Sandoval was the youngest of the lieutenants of Cortés. They arrived together in New Spain in 1519. After the subjugation of Moctezuma, Cortés placed him in command at Villa Rica de Vera Cruz as alguacil mayor. He seized the messengers of Pánfilo de Narváez, who demanded the surrender of the town, and sent them as prisoners to Cortés. In the ensuing battle, it was Sandoval who captured Narváez.
He lead the vanguard in the Spanish retreat on the Noche Triste in 1520. He conducted operations against the Aztecs from a post called Segura, near Tepeaca. He stayed there until the brigantines were built for the attack by water on the capital, when he went to Tlaseala to direct their transportation overland.
[edit] The siege of Tenochtitlan
Along the way he was ordered to conquer a town the Spanish had named poblado morisco (Moorish town) in Calpulalpa or Sultepec. The population fled at the approach of the Spanish. Sandoval found some horse hides hung in a temple. (The Indians had no horses.) In another temple he found the inscription: "Here was imprisoned the hapless Juan Yuste, with many others I brought in my company." Yuste was one of the soldiers who had arrived with Narváez. Sandoval destroyed the town, and then returned to his task of transporting the vessels for the attack on Tenochtitlan.
In the siege he occupied the eastern approach. In the first assault he supported Pedro de Alvarado in the attempt to gain the marketplace. One of the men under his command, García Holguín, in command of one of the brigantines in the assault on Tenochtitlan, captured the Tlatoani Cuauhtémoc. Holguín and Sandoval took him to Cortés.
[edit] After the fall of Tenochtitlan
In December 1521, Sandoval met Cristóbal de Tapia, who had been sent by the Crown to relieve Cortes, and in a council of officers obtained a delay.
He became the godfather of one of the nobles of Tlaxcala, Citlalpopocatzin, who took the baptismal name of Bartolomé.
Later he was sent to the region of Coatzacoalcos, where he pacified Huatusco, Tuxtepec and Oaxaca. He also founded the town of Medellín in Tatatetelco, near Huatusco and south of present-day Veracruz; completed the pacification of Coatzacoalcos; founded the Pacific port of Espíritu Santo; took the best village (Guaspaltepeque) for his own; and consolidated the subjugation of Centla, Chinantla and Tabasco. In Pánuco he repressed an indigenous insurrection. In 1521 he sent 200 pesos of gold to his father in Spain.
[edit] The founding of Colima
After Juan Rodríguez de Villafuerte was defeated by the Indigenous in the Valley of Tecomán (in the present-day state of Colima) in 1522, Cortés sent Gonzalo de Sandoval there with instructions to conquer the territory and found a town. In the indigenous town of Caxitlán, near the coast, Sandoval founded the city of Colima in its first location on July 25, 1523. He also established its city government, the third oldest in New Spain. Later, in 1527, Francisco Cortés de San Buenaventura moved the city to its present location and gave it the name of San Sebastián de Colima.
[edit] In Honduras
He was with Cortés in Honduras in 1524, where he was made alguacil and granted some encomiendas, such as Xacona. On his return from this expedition, he was made justicia mayor of New Spain. He replaced Marcos de Aguilar in the governing council of the colony on March 2, 1527 and served in the government until August 22, 1527.
[edit] Return to Spain
In the middle of April of the following year, he left New Spain with Cortés to return to the mother country. He became mortally ill on the voyage. After his arrival in Spain, someone took advantage of his illness to steal the 13 bars of gold that constituted his fortune. He died soon after arriving in Spain, and his remains were interred in the convent of Rábida. Since he had no legitimate children, his parents and his niece Saavedra were his heirs.
[edit] Evaluation
Bernal Díaz del Castillo, his friend and battle companion, wrote that he was a good judge and administrator, besides being a good soldier. Vázquez de Tapia said that he often blasphemed, using the names of God and the Virgin Mary in vain, cursing Divine Providence, and stating that he did not believe in God.
Díaz del Castillo also said this about him:
He was not highly educated, but a simple man; neither was he covetous for gold, but only for fame and to be a good, strong captain. In the wars of New Spain he always took account of the soldiers... and befriended them and helped them. He was not a man who wore rich clothes, but very plain ones.
[edit] References
- (Spanish) Díaz del Castillo, B. Historia verdadera de la conquista de Nueva España. Ed. Plaza Janés, España, 1998. 479 pp.
- (Spanish) Martínez, J. L. Hernán Cortés. Mexico City: Fondo de Cultura Económica-UNAM, 1991, 1009 pp.
- Prescott, W. H. The Conquest of Mexico.
- Thomas, H. Who's Who of the Conquistadors. Cassell & Co., 2000, 444 pp.
[edit] External links
- (Spanish) History of Colima
- (Spanish) Bernal Díaz de Castillo, Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España
- (Spanish) A good biography
