Golden Rose Synagogue (Lviv)

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Basic information
Golden Rose Synagogue

Location	Lviv, Ukraine
Religious affiliation	Orthodox Judaism
Functional status	Destroyed in 1941
Architectural description
Architect(s)	Paweł Szczęśliwy
Architectural style	Renaissance style
Year completed	1582

The Golden Rose Synagogue (Hebrew: Turei Zahav Synagogue‎) was a synagogue in Lviv, Ukraine. The Turei Zahav (TaZ) Synagogue was the oldest synagogue in the Ukraine. There is a multimedia presentation on the TaZ, financed by the Memorial Foundation for Jewish Culture.

[edit] History

The synagogue was built in 1582 and financed by Yitzhak ben Nachman, a financier to King Stephan Batory.

It was designed by Paolo Romano from Tujetsch known by his nickname Szczęśliwy (the Fortunate). Romano was helped by Ambrogio Simone Nutklauss, by Adam Pokora and by Zaccaria (de Lugano?).

In 1595 they built a vestibule and a women’s gallery in the TaZ. Men prayed in a hall which was spanned by a riv vault with pointed lunettes about the windows. A limestone Torah ark (hebrew:Aaron haKodesch) in renaissance style was located at the eastern wall. A bimah was located in the middle of the prayer hall. The building was topped by a attic in manneristic style.

In 1603 the building was confiscated by the Jesuits. Rabbi Kalman of Worms and his wife, Rosa ("the golden Rose") protested and appealed to Archbishop Zamoyski. In 1609 after paying a ransom of 4,000 guilders the synagogue was returned to the Jewish community thanks to the sacrifice of the wife of Rabbi Kalman of Worms: Rosa. The synagogue was therefore also called the “Golden Rose Synagogue” after her.

In 1654-67 David Ha-Levi Segal, called TaZ after his main work Sefer Turey Zahav prayed in this synagogue. For that reason the building was also named the TaZ Synagogue. The oldest name of the synagogue was “Nachmanowicz Synagogue”. David HaLevi composed a Song of Deliverance, – which is read each year on the Sabbath after Purim comparing the return of the synagogue in 1609 to the Jewish community to the salvation of the Jews from the Babylonian and Egyptian captivities.

In 1941 the synagogue was ruined by the Nazis.

There is a plaque which conmemorates the Golden Rose Synagogue: "Remnant of the old temple called 'Di Goldene Royz'. Built during 1580-1595 by the Nachmanowitch family in the memory of Rabbi Nachman's wife. The building [...] was destroyed by Nazis and burnt in summer 1942."

The members of the Jewish community of Lviv desire a reconstruction of the synagogue “as it once was” .

There were following rabbis:

Levi ben Jacob Kikenes. He died in 1503.
Kalman of Worms, who was the teacher of Isserles and he was rabbi from 1518 to 1560.
Asher ben Isaac Kohen . He died in 1582.
Eliezer, who was the son-in-law of Kalman of Worms. He died in 1590.
Moses ben Mordecai Ashkenazi. He died in 1600.
Jacob Koppel ben Asher ha-Kohen. He died in 1630.
Mordecai Chebi-Hirsch Ashkenazi . He died in 1636.
Joshua-Höschel Falk ben Joseph, who was the author of "Maginne Shelomoh" and "Pene Yehoshua'". He died in in Cracow in 1648.
Meshullam Salzburg ben Abraham Ashkenazi. He died in 1645.
Joseph ben Eliakim Goetz . He died in 1652.
David ben Samuel ha-Levi, who was the author of "Chure Zahab". He died in 1667.
Hirsch Klausner, who was the rabbi in the city.
Judah ben Jacob of Lublin, who was the rabbi outside the city. He died in 1697.
Elijah ben Abraham Kalmanches of Lublin . He died in 1636.
Solomon ben Isaac ha-Levi. He died in 1638.
Meïr ben Abraham Sack. He died in 1654.
Naphtali Herz ben Judah Selki of Cracow. He died in 1669.
Chebi Hirsch ben Zechariah Mendel Klausner. He died in 1691 in Lublin.
Moses Phinehas ben Israel Charif. He died in 1702.
Joel ben Isaac (Eisik) Heilprin. He died in 1710.
Chebi Hirsch ben Jacob Ashkenazi, who was the "Chakam Chebi". He died in 1718.
SimChah ben Nachman ha-Kohen Rapoport of Lublin. He died in 1718.
Moses Chayyim Lemberger. He died in 1725.
Jacob Joshua ben Chebi Hirsch. He was Rabbi till 1731. He died in 1756 in Berlin.
Judah Löb Oettinger ben Eliezer ha-Levi. He died in 1739.
Aryeh Löb ben Saul of Cracow. He died in 1771.
Chayyim ha-Kohen Rapoport ben Simchah. He died in 1741.
Solomon ben Moses Chelma, who was the author of "Merkebet ha-Mishnah". He died in 1785 in Jerusalem.
Meïr ben Chebi Hirsch Margolioth, who was the author of "Meïr Netebim". He died in 1790.
Abraham ben Jacob Koppel. He died in 1828.
Jacob Meshullam Ornstein, who was the author of "Yeshu'ot Ya'akob". He died in 1839.
Simchah Nathan Ellenberg;
Joseph Saul Nathansohn, who was the author of "Shoel u-Meshib," . He died in 1875.
Isaac Aaron Ettinger. He died in 1891.
Chebi Hirsch Ornstein. He died in 1898.

Rabbis who are associated with L'viv:

Joshua Falk ha-Kohen (Katz) ben Alexander, who was the author of "Sefer Me'irat 'Enayim". He died in 1614.
Abraham Schrenzel ha-Kohen Rapoport, who was the author of "Eton ha-Ezraḥi". He died in 1651.
Isaac Chayyot ben Jacob, who was the author of "Zera'Yichak",
Abraham Chayyim ben Naphtali Schorr, who was the author of "Torat Chayyim". He died in 1632.
Abraham ben Moses Heilbron Ashkenazi, who was the author of "Ahabat Chiyyon". He died in 1649.
Meïr ben Samuel Te'omim, who was the author of "Birkat Yosef".
Joseph ben Meïr Te'omim, who was the author of "Peri Megadim".
Samuel Solar, who was the author of "Shem me-Shemuel".
Ẓebi Hirsch Rosanus, who was the author of "Tesha' Shichot".
Meshullam ben Joel Kohen, who was the author of "Pitche Nidaah".
Isaac ben Chebi Ashkenazi, who was the author of "Torat ha-Ḳodesh".
Abraham Mendel Mohr, who was the author of "Shebile 'Olam".