GMC Caballero
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| GMC Caballero (pictured: Chevrolet El Camino) | |
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| Manufacturer | GMC Truck Division |
| Parent company | General Motors |
| Also called | Chevrolet El Camino |
| Production | 1978–1987 (model years) |
| Assembly | Baltimore, Maryland Doraville, Georgia Leeds, Missouri Arlington, Texas Fremont, California Oshawa, Ontario, Canada Ramos Arizpe, Mexico |
| Predecessor | GMC Sprint |
| Successor | none |
| Class | Coupe utility |
| Body style(s) | Pickup truck |
| Layout | Front-engine, rear-wheel drive |
| Platform | A-body (1978-1981) G-body (1982-1987) |
| Engine(s) | 3.3 L Chevy V6 3.8 L (229 in3) Chevy V6 3.8 L (231 in3) Buick V6 4.3 L Vortec V6 4.4 L Small-Block V8 5.0 L Small-Block V8 5.7 L Small-Block V8 5.7 L Oldsmobile Diesel V8 |
| Transmission(s) | 3-speed manual 4-speed manual 3-speed automatic 4-speed automatic |
| Wheelbase | 117.1 in (2974 mm) (1986) |
| Length | 201.6 in (5121 mm) (1986) |
| Height | 53.8 in (1367 mm) (1986) |
| Related | Buick Century Chevrolet Malibu Oldsmobile Cutlass Pontiac Bonneville Pontiac Grand Am Pontiac LeMans |
The GMC Caballero is a version of the Chevrolet El Camino coupe pickup, built and sold by GMC Truck dealers mainly in the United States and Canada during the 1978-1987 model years.
GMC had previously offered a version of the El Camino from 1971-1977 as the Sprint, but renamed it as the Caballero for 1978 when the line was redesigned along with the rest of its GM A platform relatives. (When the A platform switched to front-wheel drive for 1982, the rear-drive models of that series became known as the G platform to avoid confusion).
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[edit] Naming origins
The word "caballero" is from the Spanish language. Its most common definition today in the Americas is "gentleman", though its technical definition is "horseman" (caballo meaning horse) or "knight".[1] These are in turn related to the English "cowboy" (though the more appropriate term for cowboy would be vaquero, based on "vaca" for "cow") or the French "cavalier". The latter is notable in that Chevrolet later offered a compact car by that name.
GMC's use of a Spanish-derived name was perhaps a play on the El Camino's own borrowing from Spanish colonial history (via the assumed reference to El Camino Real, the "King's Road"). In addition, GMC also offered special trim packages for the Caballero under other Spanish names: Diablo, Laredo, Amarillo. (It wasn't just the Caballero, either -- several other GMC models during the 1970s and 1980s used Spanish phrases as model names or trim levels.)
[edit] Design features
Both the Caballero and El Camino shared their mechanical parts with the Chevrolet Malibu series, but rode on a 9-inch longer wheelbase. Other than different nameplates and minor trim variations, it is difficult to distinguish a Caballero from an El Camino at more than 10 paces distance. It was largely for this reason that the Caballero did not sell in the higher volumes that the El Camino did over the years (many never even knew a GMC version existed), though that rarity now counts as a plus to many El Camino fans and collectors.
Exterior appearance remained largely the same over the truck's nine-year lifespan, with the biggest changes through the years coming mostly in the form of grille design. From 1978 through 1981, this consisted of either "eggcrate" style (1978), horizontal bars (1979 and 1981) or vertical bars (1980). Then for 1982, the front end was changed to a full-width grille design housing four headlights and a four-row crosshatch pattern; this persisted through the truck's demise in 1987.
Caballero interiors featured a bench seat in standard models, though an upgrade to bucket seats with a center console and floor-mounted shifter was available. Most models with automatic transmission carried the shifter on the steering column. Cloth or vinyl upholstery choices were offered in a variety of colors. The instrument panel originally featured a "strip" style of speedometer, with the needle making a long sweep across a horizontal line of numbers to indicate speed. This was changed for 1981 to a more conventional round dial format, with some further minor tweaks for 1986.
[edit] Powertrains
Caballeros were generally fitted with gasoline-fueled V6 or V8 engines borrowed from other models on the G platform. Standard equipment generally was Chevrolet's own V6 (3.3, 3.8 or 4.3 L). The Buick V6 was optional in most locations for 1978-1979, but was standard on all trucks bound for California from 1978 through 1985. V8 engines (4.4, 5.0 or 5.7 L) were of Chevrolet's famed small-block design.
Also offered as an option, if only briefly, was Oldsmobile's diesel-fueled V8.
Transmission choices originally included a 3-speed manual (standard), 4-speed manual (optional), or 3-speed automatic. During the 1980s, the manuals were discontinued, and the 3-speed automatic eventually gave way to a 4-speed automatic with overdrive.
| Years | Available | Engine type | Displacement | Power | Torque | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gasoline | ||||||
| 1978 to 1980 | standard | Chevrolet V6 | 200 CID (3.3 L) | 95 hp (71 kW) | not for California | |
| 1980 to 1984 | standard | Chevrolet V6 | 229 CID (3.8 L) | 110 hp (82 kW) | not for California | |
| 1978 to 1984 | optional | Buick V6 | 231 CID (3.8 L) | 105 hp (78 kW) to 110 hp (82 kW) | standard for California | |
| 1985 to 1987 | standard | Chevrolet V6 | 262 CID (4.3 L) | 130 hp (97 kW) | ||
| 1979 to 1982 | optional | Chevrolet V8 | 267 CID (4.4 L) | 115 hp (86 kW) to 120 hp (89 kW) | not for California | |
| 1978 to 1987 | optional | Chevrolet V8 | 305 CID (5 L) | 135 hp (101 kW) to 155 hp (116 kW) | ||
| 1978 to 1980 | optional | Chevrolet V8 | 350 CID (5.7 L) | 160 hp (119 kW) | ||
| Diesel | ||||||
| 1983 to 1984 | standard | Oldsmobile | 350 CID (5.7 L) | 105 hp (78 kW) |
[edit] Special models
[edit] Laredo and Amarillo
Offered for 1978 and 1979 only, the Laredo was a Caballero equivalent to the El Camino's Conquista package. Equipment included two-tone paint in various color combinations and a "Laredo" decal on the tailgate.
For 1980 and onward through the end in 1987, the Laredo became known as the Amarillo. Save for the different name decal on the tailgate, the package was substantially the same. Interestingly, GMC changed this package's name at about the same time as Jeep began using the "Laredo" name for a variety of special models in their own line.
[edit] Diablo
The sporty Diablo package began in 1978 as an equivalent to the El Camino's Royal Knight package (which was, in turn, an upgrade from the long-running Super Sport package). Both the Royal Knight and the Diablo carried a hood graphic not unlike that featured on the Pontiac Firebird Trans Am; the Diablo's was in a symmetrical flame pattern. Besides the hood accents, Diablo also came with lower-body accent paint, body-color mirrors, black-trimmed window frames, a front air dam, color-matched "Rally" steel wheels with trim rings, and a large "Diablo" decal on the tailgate.
When Chevrolet dropped the Royal Knight option from the El Camino option list for 1982, GMC's Diablo remained but was now analogous to the "normal" Super Sport model. This meant that the flame decal was gone, but little else changed. However, when the El Camino Super Sport gained a new aerodynamic front end for 1985, the Diablo stuck with the same square front end it had carried since 1978. Diablo was offered through the end of the Caballero line in 1987.
It should be noted that despite its sporting intentions, Diablo never carried a V8 engine as standard equipment - the V6 engine (in various sizes over the years) remained standard throughout the run.
[edit] Modern revival
Holden, GM's Australian division, has offered coupe-pickup models similar to the Caballero for years under the Ute name. Like the Caballero and El Camino, Holden's Ute is based on a car platform - in this case the long-running Commodore series.
For the 2008 model year, Pontiac will offer an American version of the Commodore sedan called the G8. Sometime after the announcement of the G8, GM announced that they would also be shipping over a revised version of the Ute. Since Pontiac shares most of its dealerships with GMC franchises, there was wide speculation that the Ute would be rebadged as a GMC (though not necessarily a Caballero or Sprint). However, GM later announced that the new pickup would also be Pontiac-branded, as the G8 ST.[2]
And still, there is a chance that a coupe-pickup (or rather, a "sedan-pickup") could return to GMC. General Motors executive Robert Lutz announced in January of 2008[3] that the division will display a GMC-badged version of the Holden Crewman, a four-door version of the standard Holden Ute pickup, at the New York Auto Show in March. Importation or production of any GMC Ute model has not yet been confirmed.
[edit] Further reading
- Ackerson, Robert C. Chevrolet High Performance. Krause Publications, 1994. ISBN 0-87341-326-1
- Gunnell, John A., ed. Standard Catalog of American Light-Duty Trucks [Second Edition]. Krause Publications, 1993. ISBN 0-87341-238-9
[edit] See also
- Coupe utility (style of pickup truck)
- Chevrolet El Camino
- Dodge Rampage
- Ford Ranchero
- Holden Ute
[edit] References
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