GM Family II engine

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The Family II is a straight-4 piston engine that was originally developed by Opel in late 1970s for use in the Opel Ascona B and Opel Kadett D. Over time, the engine block has evolved to include many modern features such as DOHC and fuel injection. Family II has also expanded to include a range of Opel derived 6 cylinder engines. Many General Motors subsidiaries, including Holden, GM do Brasil and recently GM Powertrain have adopted this design. It is also starting to be used in hot rods as an engine swap.

Contents

[edit] 20NE, 20SE, 20SEH, C20NE,

These engines formed the basis of the modern Family II lineup. Configuration was limited to a single over head cam, and 2 Valves per cylinder (8 valves total). The 20NE served as the base, where later Family II motors evolved.

Common features include:

- Cast iron block

- 6 bolt flywheel

- Aluminum head.

- 1998 cc 86 x 86 mm bore/stroke

Individual differences:

20NE

-116 hp @ 5200 rpm

-175 Nm @ 2600 rpm

-Compression Ratio: 9.2-1

-Engine management: Motronic ML 4.1

20SE

-122hp

-High compression pistons

-Compression Ratio: 9.5-1

-Engine management: Motronic ML 4.1

20SEH

-130 bhp @ 5600 rpm

-180 Nm

-Compression ratio: 9.5-1

-High compression pisotns

-Engine management:Motronic ML 4.1

-More aggressive camshaft than 20SE

C20NE

-115 hp @ 5200 rpm

-170 Nm @ 2600 rpm

-Compression ratio 9.2-1

-Engine management Motronic 1.5/Motronic 1.5.2

-Catalytic converter

-Lambda sond.

The 2 liter 8v OHC engines is used in the base versions of:

[edit] 20XE, 20XEJ, C20XE, C20LET

The older, naturally-aspirated 16-valve version of the 2.0 L(1998 cc) cast iron block engine is the successor to the OHC-engines and a predecessor to the 16-valve Ecotec-line of engines. OHC-derived block with 86 mm bore & stroke and a Cosworth-developed DOHC cylinder head (Cosworth Project KB). Cylinder heads were manufactured by Cosworth and Kolben Schmidt. In general, the heads from this engine family are supposed to flow appreciablу better than most Ecotec heads. Power output is rated at 110 kW (150 hp) at 6000 rpm and 196 N·m at 4600 rpm (C20XE) or 156 hp (20XE). Russian car manufacturer AutoVAZ also used the C20XE in a limited-edition sports version of its Lada 110 model.

Common features: -1998 cc 86 x 86 mm bore/stroke -Cast iron block -Aluminium head -Aluminium oil pan with cooling fins -Air mass flow meter -Knock sensors -Twin Camshafts -8 bolt flywheel

20XE -157 hp -198 Nm -Compression ratio: 10.8-1 -Engine Management: Bosh Motronic 2.5

C20XE -150 bhp @ 6000 rpm -196 Nm @ 4600 rpm -Compression ratio: 10.8-1 -Catalytic converter -Lamda sond -Engine Management: Bosh Motronic 2.8

C20LET -204 hp @ 5600 rpm -280 Nm @ 2400 rpm -102 bhp/litre -Compression ratio: 9.0-1 -Catalytic converter -Lambda sensor -Different camshafts -Turbo pressure: 0.6 bar continuous with a 0.8 bar overboost -Engine Management: Bosch Motronic M2.7 -The map sensor is built into the ECU. -Turbo used in the C20LET: KKK16, integral water cooling and oil lubrication.

These engines were used in:

The turbocharged version of the C20XE, branded C20LET was also offered in the Opel/Vauxhall Calibra and Vectra Turbo. The C20LET is essentially the same as the C20XE, bar the lower compression, forged Mahle pistons turbocharger, Bosh Motronic M2.7 with MAP a sensor. There are also slight revisions to the block which provide an oil inlet/outlet for the turbocharger.

[edit] C25XE

Opel later developed a 2.5 liter V6 engine based on the C20XE's design. The V6 powerplant featured four camshafts and 4 valves per cylinder. The C25XE found use in the V6 Calibra/Vectra A/A2/Omega B.

-2498 cc -170 hp @ 6000 rpm -226 Nm @ 4200 rpm Engine Management Bosch Motronic 2.8

[edit] X20XEV

The first engine Opel branded as Ecotec, a mass-market successor to the C20XE with a Lotus-developed cylinder head. The new cylinder head had a smaller valve angle compared to the older C20XE, which was supposed to give more torque in the lower revs. It is a 1998 cc naturally aspirated engine with 16 valves and belt driven double overhead camshafts (DOHC). 86 mm bore and stroke in cast iron OHC-derived cylinder block and aluminium cylinder head. X20XEV was equipped with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to reduce nitrogen dioxide emissions and air injection reactor (AIR) to speed up the warming up of the catalytic converter and to reduce unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. Power 100 kW / 136 hp.

This engine was used in:

[edit] X25XE, X30XE

A V6 engine - essentially an Ecotec version of the C25XE. It has similar design features to the X20XEV - particularly the cylender heads and emmision reduction hardware. This engine was used in the Opel Omega.

[edit] Ecotec

The Ecotec name was adopted in 2000 for the new generation of Family II engines. The name was already used for the Opel GM Family II engine,Family 1 and Family 0 ranges. GM intends this new Ecotec to become its global 4-cylinder.

The Ecotec Family II is a modern chain-driven DOHC 4-valve design with an aluminum block and head (L850 for 86mm bore applications, and L880 for 88mm bore), designed for displacements from 1.8 to 2.4 L. It was developed by an international team of engineers and technicians from Opel's International Technical Development Center in Rüsselsheim, Germany, GM Powertrain in Pontiac, Michigan, and Saab in Trollhättan, Sweden.[citation needed] Much of the development work on this project was carried out by Lotus Engineering, Hethel, United Kingdom. The engine uses aluminum pistons and cast iron cylinder liners. Vibration is reduced with twin balance shafts.

The current Ecotec line is manufactured in Tonawanda, New York, Kaiserslautern, Germany, and (for Saturn) in Spring Hill, Tennessee.

[edit] Turbo

Opel/Vauxhall offers a turbocharged version of the 2.0 L(1998 cc) Ecotec (the Z20LET) in a cast iron block; it features a square 86 mm (3.38 in) bore and stroke, 9.5:1 compression, 200 hp (147 kW) and 195 ft·lbf (265 N·m) of torque.

This engine is used in:

[edit] LK9

Saab offers a turbocharged version of the 2.0 L(1998 cc) Ecotec utilizing an aluminum block. It features an 86 mm (3.39 in) bore and stroke and a 9.5:1 compression ratio. Power is 210 hp (157 kW) at 5300 rpm and 220 lb·ft (298 N·m) of torque at 2500 rpm. Maximum boost is 12.3 psi.

[edit] LNF

Ecotec LNF in a Pontiac Solstice
Ecotec LNF in a Pontiac Solstice

A turbocharged direct injected (redubbed Spark Ignition Direct Injection) Ecotec was introduced in the 2007 Solstice GXP. Displacement is 2.0 L (1998 cc) with a square 86 mm (3.38 in) bore and stroke. Compression is 9.2:1 and maximum boost is 20.0 psi, delivering 260 hp (194 kW) at 5300 rpm and 260 ft·lbf (353 N·m) of torque from 2500 - 5250 rpm.[1] Engine redline is at 6300 rpm and premium fuel is recommended. The "Gen II" block is similar to the 2.4 L and also features VVT technology.

Unique LNF features[2] include:

This engine is used in:

[edit] DI

A high-end direct injection version of the 2.2 L Ecotec is available for:

[edit] L61

Ecotec L61 engine in a Chevrolet Classic
Ecotec L61 engine in a Chevrolet Classic
This engine is also known as a Z22SE in other countries such as The United Kingdom and Australia

The basic Family II architecture was substantially reengineered in 2000, becoming the Ecotec 2.2, model L61 (or L42 for the CNG version). First appearing in the 2000 Saturn LS1, the L61 spread throughout North American GM products, displacing the Quad 4 and its descendents.

Unlike its notably harsh predecessor, the L61 was designed for smoothness. dual in-block balance shafts were integral to the design, and all accessories were mounted directly to the engine block to reduce vibration. The oil filter was cast into the block with a removable cover and replaceable paper element.

Displacement is 2.2 l (2196 cc) with an 86 mm (3.38 in) bore and 94.6 mm (3.72 in) stroke. Compression is 9.5:1 or 10:1, delivering 135 to 143 hp (101 to 107 kW) and 142 to 152 ft·lbf (193 to 206 N·m) of torque. The Ecotec line is manufactured in Tonawanda, New York, Kaiserslautern, Germany, and (for Saturn) in Spring Hill, Tennessee. The L61-powered Saturn Ion replaced the Saturn-powered Saturn S-Series.

There are a few variations to the standard L61. The new Chevrolet Malibu uses a version with electronic throttle control and a special unitized exhaust manifold and catalytic converter. The 2003 Saturn L-Series has a high output version with higher (10:1) compression and more aggressive camshaft. The Malibu and Saturn versions also use return-less fuel injection.

In 2007 the L61 was upgraded with a second generation cylinder case, Coil on plug ignition, 58x crankshaft position sensing and a 32-bit computer.

The 2.2 L Ecotec is used in the following cars:

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2002-2005 Chevrolet Cavalier 140 hp (100 kW) @ 5600 rpm 150 ft·lbf (200 N·m) @ 4000 rpm
2004 Chevrolet Classic (Malibu) 144 hp (107 kW) @ 5600 rpm 155 ft·lbf (210 N·m) @ 4000 rpm
2005-2006 Chevrolet Cobalt 145 hp (108 kW) @ 5600 rpm 155 ft·lbf (210 N·m) @ 4000 rpm
2007-present Chevrolet Cobalt 148 hp (110 kW) @ 5600 rpm 152 ft·lbf (206 N·m) @ 4200 rpm
2006 Chevrolet HHR 143 hp (107 kW) @ 5600 rpm 150 ft·lbf (200 N·m) @ 4000 rpm
2007-present Chevrolet HHR 149 hp (111 kW) @ 5600 rpm 152 ft·lbf (206 N·m) @ 4000 rpm
2002-2004 Oldsmobile Alero 140 hp (100 kW) @ 5600 rpm 150 ft·lbf (200 N·m) @ 4000 rpm
2002-2005 Pontiac Grand Am 140 hp (100 kW) @ 5600 rpm 150 ft·lbf (200 N·m) @ 4000 rpm
2002-2005 Pontiac Sunfire 140 hp (100 kW) @ 5600 rpm 150 ft·lbf (200 N·m) @ 4000 rpm
2005-present Pontiac G5/Pursuit 145 hp (108 kW) @ 5600 rpm 155 ft·lbf (210 N·m) @ 4000 rpm
2003-2005 Saturn L-Series (high output)
2003-2007 Saturn Ion 140 hp (100 kW) @ 5600 rpm 145 ft·lbf (197 N·m) @ 4000 rpm
2001-2005 Vauxhall VX220/Opel Speedster 147 hp (110 kW) @ 5800 rpm 150 ft·lbf (200 N·m) @ 4000 rpm
Opel/Vauxhall/Holden Astra ft·lbf
Opel/Vauxhall/Holden Vectra ft·lbf
Opel/Vauxhall/Holden Zafira/Subaru Traviq ft·lbf

Following the GM-Fiat agreement, the 2.2 L engine is also used in

[edit] L42

The Ecotec 2.2, model L42 is the CNG version of the Ecotec 2.2. It delivers 129 hp (96 kW) and 129 ft·lbf (175 N·m).

[edit] LSJ

Ecotec LSJ engine in a 2006 Saturn Ion Red Line
Ecotec LSJ engine in a 2006 Saturn Ion Red Line

The LSJ is a de-stroked (to 86 mm) version of the L61 Ecotec with an Eaton M62 Roots-type supercharger and air-to-liquid intercooler. It is rated at 205 hp (153 kW) at 5600 rpm and 200 ft·lbf (270 N·m) at 4400 rpm with a compression ratio of 9.5:1 and a 6500 rpm redline. With the end of the Chevy Cobalt S/C SS and Saturn Ion Red Line, The LSJ will no longer be available in a production car after 2007.

The LSJ was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 2006.

This engine is used in:

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2004-2007 Saturn Ion Red Line 205 hp (153 kW) @ 5600 rpm 200 ft·lbf (270 N·m) @ 4400 rpm
2005-2007 Chevrolet Cobalt SS Supercharged Coupe 205 hp (153 kW) @ 5600 rpm 200 ft·lbf (270 N·m) @ 4400 rpm

[edit] LE5

Ecotec LE5 engine in a 2006 Pontiac Solstice
Ecotec LE5 engine in a 2006 Pontiac Solstice

The LE5 is a larger 2.4 L (2376 cc) version of the Ecotec. Both the 88 mm (3.5 in) bore and 98 mm (3.9 in) stroke are larger, and Variable Valve Timing on the intake and exhaust improve low-end torque. Compression is 10.4:1. Power is 164-177 hp (123-132 kW) and torque is 159-170 ft·lbf (215-230 N·m). The engine uses a reinforced "Gen II" block.

Year(s) Model Power Torque
2006-present Chevrolet Cobalt 173 hp (129 kW) @ 6200 rpm 163 ft·lbf (221 N·m) @ 4800 rpm
2006-present Chevrolet HHR 175 hp (130 kW) 165 ft·lbf (224 N·m)
2006-present Pontiac G5/Pursuit 171 hp (128 kW) @ 5800 rpm 167 ft·lbf (226 N·m) @ 4500 rpm
2006-present Pontiac G6 169 hp (126 kW) @ 6300 rpm 162 ft·lbf (220 N·m) @ 4500 rpm
2006-present Pontiac Solstice 173 hp (129 kW) @ 5800 rpm 164 ft·lbf (222 N·m) @ 4500 rpm
2006-present Saturn Sky 173 hp (129 kW) @ 5800 rpm 166 ft·lbf (225 N·m) @ 4800 rpm
2006-2007 Saturn Ion 175 hp (130 kW) @ 6200 rpm 164 ft·lbf (222 N·m) @ 4800 rpm
2007-present Saturn Aura Green Line Hybrid 164 hp (122 kW) @ 6400 rpm 159 ft·lbf (216 N·m) @ 5000 rpm
2007-present Saturn Vue Green Line Hybrid 170 hp (130 kW) @ 6300 rpm 160 ft·lbf (220 N·m) @ 4500 rpm
2008-present Saturn Aura 169 hp (126 kW) 162 ft·lbf (220 N·m)
2008-present Chevrolet Malibu 169 hp (126 kW) 162 ft·lbf (220 N·m)
2008-present Saturn Vue 169 hp (126 kW) @ 6200 rpm 161 ft·lbf (218 N·m) @ 5100 rpm

The LE5 is also used in the following overseas models:

[edit] D-TEC/E-TEC II

Holden makes various Family II engines for GM India and GM Daewoo at its Melbourne plant. Variations include displacements from 1.6 L. to 2.4 L. Unlike the Ecotec engines, the block is made of iron.

[edit] L34

This is the 2.0L (1998 cc) variant of the engines, featuring an 86 mm (3.4 in) bore and 86 mm (3.4 in) stroke. Power is 119 hp (89 kW) at 5400 rpm and torque is 126 ft·lbf (171 N·m).

The engine has been used on following vehicles:

[edit] L91

This is the 1.6L (1598 cc) variant of the engines, featuring a 79 mm bore and 81.5 mm stroke and a compression ratio of 9.5:1. Power is 103 hp (77 kW) at 5800 rpm and torque is 107 lb·ft (145 N·m) at 3400 rpm.

[edit] Other models

[edit] GM In Brazil

GM In Brazil specializes in SOHC, alcohol-powered and FlexPower (alcohol +petrol powered) engines.

  • C18YE - 1.8 L ethanol (* no longer in production)
  • C20SEL - 2.0 L DOHC (* no longer in production)
  • X20XE - 2.0 L FlexPower
  • X24XE - 2.4 L FlexPower
  • X24SE - 2.4 L DOHC 16V FlexPower

In 2004 a 2.0L MultiPower engine was made available which could use alcohol + petrol and NGV aimed at the taxis market.

A 2.0L FlexPower engine is available for the current Chevrolet Astra and Vectra. The 2006 Chevrolet Vectra also received a 2.4L 16V FlexPower engine which was the first flex-fuel engine above 2.0L in the world.[1]

[edit] GM In the Ariel Atom

In late 2005 Brammo Motorsports struck a deal with GM for a Supercharged 2.0L Ecotec for their Ariel Atom. The engine came in various ratings from 205 hp (153 kW) to 300 hp (220 kW). Jay Leno received the very first Atom for commercial sale in the US by Brammo.

[edit] GM ECOtec Owner Meets

GM supports the owners of it's ECOtec vehicles by holding owners meets at various auto enthusiast events across the country[clarify]. These events offer Q&A with ECOtec engine engineers, meet-n-greet's with the GM Race car drivers and inside info before it's released anywhere else. At most events GM brings out cars that are not yet in production to give current owners a "sneak peek" at the new line of ECOtec powered vehicles before they hit the streets.

2008 ECOtec Owner Meet Schedule

Date City Event Location
5/3-4 Englishtown, NJ NOPI Old Bridge Raceway
5/10 Chicago, IL HIN McCormick Place
5/22-25 Indianapolis, IN Indy 500 Indianapolis Speedway
5/31 Columbus, OH HIN Columbus Convention Center
6/14 Wall, NJ Formula D Wall Speedway
6/21 Elmont, NY HIN Belmont Park Speedway
7/12 Charlotte, NC HIN Lowe's Motor Speedway
7/19 Orlando, FL HIN Orange County Convention Center
8/16-17 Richmond, VA NOPI Virginia International Raceway
8/23-24 Englishtown, NJ NOP Old Bridge Raceway Park
9/20-21 Atlanta, GA NOPI Nationals Atlanta Motor Speedway
9/27 Minneapolis, MN HIN Minneapolis Convention Center
10/11 Dallas, TX HIN Dallas Convention Center

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  • Larry Webster. "Getting Rid of the H-Word". Car and Driver (May 2000): 93. 

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Turbo ECOTEC® 2.0L. Retrieved on Mars 26, 2008.
  2. ^ Big Power, Small Package. AutoWeek. Retrieved on April 4, 2006.

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