Glossary of chemistry

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This page is a glossary of chemistry. Chemistry has an extensive vocabulary and a significant amount of jargon that are commonly used by chemists and in chemistry literature. This is a list of chemical terms, including laboratory tools, glassware, and equipment. Chemistry itself is a physical science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter, as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions.

Contents: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z— See also

[edit] A

• absolute zero - a theoretical condition where at 0 Kelvin where a system does not emit or absorb energy
• acid - a compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a pH of less than 7.0 or a compound that donates a hydrogen ion
• actinides -
• aeration - the mixing of air into a liquid or solid
• alkali metals - the metals of Group 1 on the periodic table
• alkaline earth metals - the metals of Group 2 on the periodic table
• allomer - a substance that has different composition than another, but has the same crystalline structure
• allotropy - elements that can have different structures (and therefore different forms), such as Carbon (diamonds, graphite, and fullerene)
• anion - negative charge
• atom - a chemical element in its smallest form, and is made up of neutrons and protons within the nucleus and electrons circling the nucleus
• atomic number - the number representing an element which corresponds with the number of protons within the nucleus

[edit] B

• base -
• Biochemistry - the chemistry of organisms
• boiling -
• burette (also buret) - glassware used to dispense specific amounts of liquid when precision is necessary (e.g. titration and resource dependent reactions)

[edit] C

• cation -
• centrifuge -
• Chemical Law - certain rules that pertain to the laws of nature and chemistry - examples
• chemical reaction - the change of one or more substances into another or multiple substances
• compound - a substance that is made up of two or more chemically bonded elements
• covalent bond -
• Crystal - a solid that is packed with ions, molecules or atoms in an orderly fashion
• cuvette - glassware used in spectroscopic experiments. It is usually made of plastic, glass or quartz and should be as clean and clear as possible

[edit] D

• dipole -
• dipole moment -

[edit] E

• earth metal -
• electron - a subatomic particle with a net charge that is negative
• element - an atom that is defined by its atomic number
• energy - A system's ability to do work
• entropy - the amount of energy not available for work in a closed thermodynamic system (usually symbolized as S)
• enzyme - a protein that speeds up (catalyses) a reaction
• eppendorf tube - generalized and trademarked term used for a type of tube; see microcentrifuge

[edit] G

• geochemistry - the chemistry of and chemical composition of the Earth

[edit] H

• halogens -

[edit] I

• inorganic compound - compounds that do not contain carbon, though there are exceptions (see main article)
• inorganic chemistry - a part of chemistry concerned with inorganic compounds
• International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) -
• ion - a molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons
• ionic bond -

[edit] J

[edit] K

• kinetic energy -

[edit] L

• lanthanides -
• London dispersion forces -

[edit] M

• metal -
• microcentrifuge - a small plastic container that is used to store small amounts of liquid
• mole - abbreviated mol - a measurement of an amount of substance; a single mole contains approximately 6.022×10²³ units or entities
  • a mole of water contains 6.022×10²³ H₂O molecules
• molecule - a chemically bonded number of atoms that are electrically neutral

[edit] N

• neutron - a neutral unit or subatomic particle that has no net charge
• nucleus - the centre of an atom made up of neutrons and protons, with a net positive charge
• noble gases -
• non-metal -

[edit] O

• organic compound - compounds that contain carbon
• organic chemistry - a part of chemistry concerned with organic compounds

[edit] P

• plasma -
• poor metal -
• potential energy
• precipitate -
• proton - a positive unit or subatomic particle that has a positive charge
• protonation -

[edit] S

• salts - ionic compounds composed of anions and cations
• sol -
• solid -
• solute -
• solution - homogeneous mixture made up of multiple substances. It is made up of solutes and solvents.
• solvent -
• spectroscopy - study of radiation and matter, such as X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy
• state of matter - matter having a homogeneous, macroscopic phase; gas, plasma, liquid, and [[solid] are the most well known (in increasing concentration)
• substance - material with definite chemical composition

[edit] T

• transition metal - elements that have incomplete d sub-shells, but also may be referred to as the d-block elements

[edit] See also

• List of science topics