Glaresis

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Glaresis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Coleoptera Suborder: Polyphaga Superfamily: Scarabaeoidea Family: Glaresidae Semenov-Tian-Shanskii & Medvedev, 1932 Genus: Glaresis Erichson, 1848
Species
About 50; see text.

Glaresis is a genus of beetles, sometimes called "enigmatic scarab beetles", in its own family, the Glaresidae. It is closely related to scarab beetles. Although its members occur in arid and sandy areas worldwide (except Australia), only the nocturnal adults have ever been collected (typically at lights), and both the larvae and biology of Glaresis are as yet unknown. Due to their narrow habitat associations, a great number of these species occur in extremely limited geographic areas, and are accordingly imperiled by habitat destruction.

These beetles are small, 2½–6 mm long, and have the stocky appearance typical of scarabs, with short heavy spurred legs. Color ranges from tan to dark brown, and the back is covered with short setae.

Efforts to raise glaresids in the laboratory were undertaken in the 1980s by C. H. Scholtz and others, but were unsuccessful.

Glaresis was originally classified with Trogidae, and has many characteristics of "primitive" scarabaeoids, but no affinities to any of the other primitive groups; recent work suggests that they do in fact belong in the trogids. Scholtz argued that Glaresis is the most primitive type of scarabaeoid, but more recent research indicates that the Pleocomidae hold this position.

[edit] Species

G. alfierii G. arenata G. beckeri G. canadensis G. carthagensis G. cartwrighti G. ceballosi G. celiae G. clypeata G. confusa G. contrerasi G. dakotensis G. desperata G. ecostata G. exasperata G. foveolata G. freyi G. fritzi G. frustrata G. gineri G. handlirshci G. hispanus G. holmi G. howdeni G. impressicollis G. inducta

G. kocheri G. koenigsbaueri G. longisternum G. lomii G. mandibularis G. maroccana G. mauritanica G. medialis G. mendica G. methneri G. minuta G. namibensis G. penrithae G. oxiana G. pardoi G. pardoalcaidei G. phoenicis G. porrecta G. quedenfeldti G. rufa G. texana G. tripolitana G. villiersi G. walzlae G. zarudniana

[edit] References

• Mary Liz Jameson, "Glaresidae", in Ross H. Arnett, Jr. and Michael C. Thomas, American Beetles (CRC Press, 2001), vol. 2

[edit] External links

• Browne et al., Glaresis from the Tree of Life.