Giuseppe Zanardelli
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| Giuseppe Zanardelli | |
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| In office February 15, 1901 – November 3, 1903 |
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| Monarch | Victor Emmanuel III |
| Preceded by | Giuseppe Saracco |
| Succeeded by | Giovanni Giolitti |
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| In office November 23, 1892 – February 20, 1894 |
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| Preceded by | Giuseppe Branchieri |
| Succeeded by | Giuseppe Branchieri |
| In office April 5, 1897 – December 14, 1897 |
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| Preceded by | Tommaso Villa |
| Succeeded by | Giuseppe Branchieri |
| In office November 16, 1898 – May 25, 1899 |
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| Preceded by | Giuseppe Branchieri |
| Succeeded by | Luigi Chinaglia |
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| In office March 28, 1878 – December 19, 1878 |
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| Prime Minister | Benedetto Cairoli |
| Preceded by | Agostino Depretis |
| Succeeded by | Agostino Depretis |
| In office June 21, 1903 – November 2, 1903 |
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| Prime Minister | Giovanni Giolitti |
| Preceded by | Giovanni Giolitti |
| Succeeded by | Giovanni Giolitti |
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| Born | October 29, 1826 Brescia, Italy |
| Died | December 26, 1903 Maderno, Italy |
| Nationality | Italian |
| Political party | Liberal |
Giuseppe Zanardelli (October 29, 1826 – December 26, 1903) was an Italian jurisconsult, nationalist and political figure. He was prime minister of Italy from February 15, 1901 to November 3, 1903.
[edit] Biography
Giuseppe Zanardelli was born at Brescia (Lombardy).
A combatant in the volunteer corps during the war of 1848, he returned to Brescia after the defeat of Novara, and for a time earned a livelihood by teaching law, but was molested by the Austrian police and forbidden to teach in consequence of his refusal to contribute pro-Austrian articles to the press. Elected deputy in 1859, he received various administrative appointments, but only attained a political office in 1876 when the Left, of which he had been a prominent and influential member, came into power. Minister of public works in the first Depretis cabinet of 1876, and minister of the interior in the Cairoli cabinet of 1878, he in the latter capacity drafted the franchise reform, but created dissatisfaction by the indecision of his administrative acts, particularly in regard to the Irredentist agitation, and by his theory of repressing and not in any way preventing crime, which led for a time to a perfect epidemic of murders.
Overthrown with Cairoli in December 1878, he returned to power as minister of justice in the Depretis cabinet of 1881, and succeeded in completing the commercial code. Abandoned by Depretis in 1883, he remained in opposition until 1887, when he again joined Depretis as minister of justice, retaining his portfolio throughout the ensuing Crispi ministry, until January 31, 1891. During this period he promulgated the Criminal Code, and began the reform of the magistracy.
After the fall of the Giolitti cabinet in 1893, Zanardelli made a strenuous but unsuccessful attempt to form an administration. Elected president of the chamber in 1894 and 1896, he exercised that office with ability until, in December 1897, he accepted the portfolio of justice in the Rudinì cabinet, only to resign in the following spring on account of dissensions with his colleague, Visconti-Venosta, over the measures necessary to prevent a recurrence of the tumults of May 1898.
Returning to the presidency of the chamber, he again abandoned his post in order to associate himself with the obstructionist campaign against the Public Safety Bill (1899-1900), and was rewarded by being enabled to form an administration with the support of the Extreme Left upon the fall of the Saracco cabinet in February 1901. He was unable to achieve much during his last term of office, as his health was greatly impaired; his Divorce Bill, although voted in the chamber, had to be withdrawn on account of the strong opposition of the country. He retired from the administration on November 21, 1903.
On September 15, 1902, Giuseppe Zanardelli stayed at the Gran Hotel of the Commander Guglielmo Baron Tramontano of Sorrento, who was also the mayor of the city Sorrento. Baron Guglielmo Tramontano asked the musician brothers Giambattista and Ernesto De Curtis to compose and write a song in honour of Zanardelli - and the result became the famous neapolitan song "Torna a Surriento" (Come Back to Sorrento).
| Political offices | ||
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| Preceded by Agostino Depretis |
Italian Minister of the Interior 1878 |
Succeeded by Agostino Depretis |
| Preceded by Giuseppe Branchieri |
President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies 1892-1894 |
Succeeded by Giuseppe Branchieri |
| Preceded by Tommaso Villa |
President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies 1897 |
Succeeded by Giuseppe Branchieri |
| Preceded by Giuseppe Branchieri |
President of the Italian Chamber of Deputies 1898-1899 |
Succeeded by Luigi Chinaglia |
| Preceded by Giuseppe Saracco |
Prime Minister of Italy 1901–1903 |
Succeeded by Giovanni Giolitti |
| Preceded by Giovanni Giolitti |
Italian Minister of the Interior 1903 |
Succeeded by Giovanni Giolitti |
[edit] References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
[edit] External links
- Studii sulla sessione parlamentare, 1861-1862 By Giuseppe Zanardelli
- Discorsi parlamentari By Giuseppe Zanardelli
- Della vita del professore Camillo Guerini: discorso funebre By Giuseppe Zanardelli
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