User:Ghostexorcist/Sandbox

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The chronicle of Ibn al-Qalanisi mentions the burning of Jews in their synagogue by the Crusaders during the 1099 siege of Jerusalem.[1] The Crusaders were supposedly reported as hoisting up their shields and singing “Christ We Adore Thee!” while they circled the flaming complex."[2] However, a contemporary Jewish letter written shortly after the siege does not mention the burning synagogue. Arabist S.D. Goitein speculates the reason the incident is missing from the letter is because it was written by Karaite Jews and the synagogue belonged to the Rabbinite Jews,[3] which referred to their great religious schism.[4]

Following the siege, Jews captured from the dome of the rock, along with native Christians, were made to clean the city of the slain.[5] Tancred took some Jews as prisoners of war and deported them to Apuleia in southern Italy. Many of these Jews did not make it to their final destination as “Many of them were […] thrown into the sea or beheaded on the way.”[5] Numerous Jews and their holy books were held ransom by Raymond of Toulouse.[6] The Karaite Jewish community of Ashkelon (Ascalon) reached out to their coreligionists in Alexandria to first pay for the holy books and then rescued pockets of Jews over several months.[5] All that could be ransomed were liberated by the summer of 1100. The few who could not be rescured were either converted to Christianity or murdered.[7]

Huo Ying (侯嬴, 326-257 BCE) and Zhu Hai (朱亥) were mentioned in the Records of the Grand Historian as retainers of Lord Xin Ling (信陵君, ob. 243 BCE), the half-brother of King Anxi of Wei. Together, they helped formulate and implement a plan that saved the neighboring state of Zhao from being conquered by the Qin state in 257 BCE.

[edit] References

  1. ^ Gibb, H. A. R. The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades: Extracted and Translated from the Chronicle of Ibn Al-Qalanisi. Dover Publications, 2003 (ISBN 0486425193), pg. 48
  2. ^ Rausch, David. Legacy of Hatred: Why Christians Must Not Forget the Holocaust. Baker Pub Group, 1990 (ISBN 0801077583), pg. 27
  3. ^ Kedar, Benjamin Z. "The Jerusalem Massacre of July 1099 in the Western Historiography of the Crusades." The Crusades. Vol. 3 (2004) (ISBN 075464099X), pp. 15-76, pg. 64
  4. ^ Goitein, S.D. A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza. Vol. V: The Individual: Portrait of a Mediterranean Personality of the High Middle Ages as Reflected in the Cairo Geniza. University of California Press, 1988 (ISBN 0520056477), 358
  5. ^ a b c Goitein, S.D. "Contemporary Letters on the Capture of Jerusalem by the Crusaders." Journal of Jewish Studies 3 (1952), pp. 162-177, pg 163
  6. ^ Goitein, "Contemporary Letters on the Capture of Jerusalem by the Crusaders," pg. 165
  7. ^ Goitein, "Contemporary Letters on the Capture of Jerusalem by the Crusaders", pg. 166