George V of the United Kingdom
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| George V | |
|---|---|
| King of the United Kingdom and her dominions beyond the Seas; Emperor of India (more...) |
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| King George V | |
| Reign | 6 May 1910 – 20 January 1936 |
| Coronation | 22 June 1911 |
| Predecessor | Edward VII |
| Successor | Edward VIII |
| Consort | Mary of Teck |
| Issue | |
| Edward VIII, Duke of Windsor George VI Mary, Princess Royal Henry, Duke of Gloucester George, Duke of Kent Prince John |
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| Full name | |
| George Frederick Ernest Albert | |
| Titles and styles | |
| HM The King HRH The Prince of Wales HRH The Duke of Cornwall and York HRH The Duke of York HRH Prince George of Wales |
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| Royal house | House of Windsor House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha |
| Royal anthem | God Save the King |
| Father | Edward VII |
| Mother | Alexandra of Denmark |
| Born | 3 June 1865 Marlborough House, London |
| Baptised | 7 July 1865 Windsor Castle, Windsor |
| Died | 20 January 1936 (aged 70) Sandringham House, Norfolk |
| Burial | 29 January 1936 St George's Chapel, Windsor |
George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. As well as being King of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth Realms, George was the Emperor of India and the first King of the Irish Free State. George reigned from 6 May 1910 through World War I (1914–1918) until his death.
From the age of 12 George served in the Royal Navy, but upon the unexpected death of his elder brother, Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale, he became heir to the throne and married his brother's fiancée, Mary of Teck (known as "May" to her family after her birth month). Although they occasionally toured the British Empire, George preferred to stay at home with his stamp collection, and lived what later biographers would consider a dull life because of its conventionality.
When George's father, King Edward VII died in 1910, he became King-Emperor. He was the only Emperor of India to be present at his own Delhi Durbar, where he appeared before his Indian subjects crowned with the Imperial Crown of India, created specially for the occasion. During World War I he relinquished all German titles and styles on behalf of his relatives who were British subjects; and changed the name of the royal house from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to Windsor. During his reign, the Statute of Westminster separated the crown so that George ruled the dominions as separate kingdoms, preparing the way for the future development of the Commonwealth. His reign also witnessed the rise of socialism, fascism and Irish republicanism, all of which radically changed the political spectrum.
George was plagued by illness throughout much of his later reign; he was succeeded by his eldest son, Edward, upon his death.
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[edit] Early life and education
George was born on 3 June 1865, at Marlborough House, London. His father was the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII), the eldest son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. His mother was the Princess of Wales (later Queen Alexandra), the eldest daughter of King Christian IX of Denmark. As a grandson of Queen Victoria in the male line, George was styled His Royal Highness Prince George of Wales at birth.
He was baptised in the Private Chapel of Windsor Castle on 7 July 1865.[1] As a younger son of the Prince of Wales, there was no expectation that George would become King as his elder brother, Prince Albert Victor, was second in line to the throne after their father.
Given that George was born only fifteen months after his brother, Prince Albert Victor, it was decided to educate both royal princes together. The Prince of Wales appointed John Neale Dalton as their tutor, although neither Albert Victor nor George excelled intellectually.[2] In September 1877 both brothers joined the training ship HMS Britannia at Dartmouth. Their father thought that the navy was "the very best possible training for any boy".[3]
For three years from 1879 the royal brothers served as midshipmen on HMS Bacchante, accompanied by Dalton. They toured the British Empire, visiting Norfolk, Virginia, the colonies in the Caribbean, South Africa and Australia, as well as the Mediterranean, South America, the Far East, and Egypt. In Japan, George had a local artist tattoo a blue and red dragon on his arm.[4] Dalton wrote an account of their journey entitled The Cruise of HMS Bacchante.[5] Between Melbourne and Sydney, Dalton records a sighting of the Flying Dutchman, a mythical ghost ship. When they returned to the UK, the brothers were separated with Albert Victor attending Trinity College, Cambridge and George continuing in the Royal Navy. He travelled the world and visited many areas of the British Empire, serving actively in the navy until his last command in 1891. From then on his naval rank was largely honorary.[6]
[edit] Marriage
As a young man destined to serve in the Navy, Prince George served for many years under the command of his uncle, Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, who was stationed in Malta. There, he grew close to and fell in love with his uncle's daughter, his first cousin, Marie of Edinburgh. His grandmother, father and uncle all approved the match, but the mothers, the Princess of Wales and the Duchess of Edinburgh, both opposed it. The Princess of Wales thought the family was too pro-German, and the Duchess of Edinburgh disliked England. When George proposed, Marie refused, guided by her mother. She later became Queen of Romania.[7]
In 1891, Albert Victor became engaged to his second cousin once removed, Princess Victoria Mary of Teck (known as "May" to her family, after her birth month), the only daughter of Prince Francis, Duke of Teck and Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge. However, Albert Victor died of pneumonia six weeks later, leaving George second in line to the throne and likely to succeed after his father. This effectively ended George's naval career, as he was now expected to assume a more political role.[8]
Queen Victoria still favoured Princess May as a suitable candidate to marry a future king, so she persuaded George to propose to May. George duly proposed and May accepted. The marriage was a success, and throughout their lives the couple exchanged notes of endearment and loving letters.[9]
The marriage of George and May took place on 6 July 1893 at the Chapel Royal, St. James's Palace in London. At the wedding, The Times claimed, the crowd may have confused Nicholas of Russia (later the Tsar) with George, because their beards and dress made them look alike superficially.[10] Their facial features were only different up close.[11]
[edit] Duke of York
On 24 May 1892 Queen Victoria created George, Duke of York, Earl of Inverness and Baron Killarney.[12] After George's marriage to May, she was styled Her Royal Highness The Duchess of York.
The Duke and Duchess of York lived mainly at York Cottage,[13] a relatively small house in Sandringham, Norfolk where their way of life mirrored that of a comfortable middle-class family rather than royalty. George preferred the simple, almost quiet, life in marked contrast to his parents. Even his official biographer despaired of George's time as Duke of York, writing: "He may be all right as a young midshipman and a wise old king, but when he was Duke of York...he did nothing at all but kill [i.e. shoot] animals and stick in stamps."[14]
George was a well-known stamp collector, and played a large role in building the Royal Philatelic Collection into the most comprehensive collection of United Kingdom and Commonwealth stamps in the world, in some cases setting record purchase prices for items.[15] His enthusiasm for stamps was denigrated by the intelligentsia.[16]
Randolph Churchill claimed that George was a strict father, to the extent that his children were terrified of him, and that George had remarked to Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby: "My father was frightened of his mother, I was frightened of my father, and I am damned well going to see to it that my children are frightened of me." In reality there is no direct source for the quotation and it is likely that George's parenting style was little different from that adopted by most people at the time.[17] George and May had five sons and a daughter.
[edit] Prince of Wales
As Duke and Duchess of York, George and May carried out a wide variety of public duties. On the death of Queen Victoria on 22 January 1901, George's father, Albert Edward, ascended the throne as King Edward VII. George inherited the titles of Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay, and for much of the rest of that year, George was styled His Royal Highness The Duke of Cornwall and York. In 1901, George and May toured the British Empire, visiting Australia, where the Duke opened the first session of the Australian Parliament upon the creation of the Commonwealth of Australia. Their tour included South Africa, Canada, and New Zealand, where Cornwall Park in Auckland was named in their honour by its donor, John Logan Campbell, then Mayor of Auckland.
On 9 November 1901, George was created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester.[18] King Edward VII wished his son to have more preparation and experience prior to his future role. In contrast to Edward himself, whom Queen Victoria had excluded from state affairs, George was given wide access to state documents and papers by his father.[8] George in turn allowed his wife access to his papers,[19] as he valued her counsel, and May often helped write her husband's speeches.[20]
In 1906, he toured India where he was disgusted by racial discrimination and campaigned for greater involvement of Indians in the government of the country.[21][22]
[edit] King and Emperor
On 6 May 1910, King Edward VII died, and the Prince of Wales ascended the throne. George was now King George V and May was Queen. May's full given name was Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes. George had never liked his wife's habit of signing official documents and letters as "Victoria Mary" and insisted she drop one of those names. Neither thought she should be called Queen Victoria, and so she became Queen Mary.[23] Their coronation took place at Westminster Abbey on 22 June 1911.[8] The coronation was celebrated by the Festival of Empire in London.
Later in 1911, the King and Queen travelled to India for the Delhi Durbar, where they were presented to an assembled audience of Indian dignitaries and princes as the Emperor and Empress of India. George wore the newly-created Imperial Crown of India at the ceremony. Then the Emperor and Empress travelled throughout India, visiting their new subjects. George took the opportunity to indulge in hunting tigers, shooting 21.[24] On 18 December 1913 George shot over a thousand pheasants in six hours[25] at the home of Lord Burnham, although even he had to acknowledge that "we went a little too far" that day.[26]
A 1917 Punch cartoon depicting King George V sweeping away his German titles. Changing the name of his family's royal house from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to Windsor was a popular move.
[edit] World War I
From 1914 to 1918 Britain was at war with Germany. The German Kaiser Wilhelm II, who for the British public came to symbolise all the horrors of the war, was the King's first cousin. Queen Mary, although British like her mother, was the daughter of the Duke of Teck, a descendant of the German Royal House of Württemberg.
The King's paternal grandfather was Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; the King and his children bore the titles Prince and Princess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke and Duchess of Saxony. The King had brothers-in-law and cousins who were British subjects but who bore German titles such as Duke and Duchess of Teck, Prince and Princess of Battenberg, Prince and Princess of Hesse and by Rhine, and Prince and Princess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg. Writer H. G. Wells wrote about Britain's "alien and uninspiring court", and George famously replied: "I may be uninspiring, but I'll be damned if I'm alien."[27]
On 17 July 1917, George V issued an Order-in-Council that changed the name of the British Royal House from the German-sounding House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to the House of Windsor, to appease British nationalist feelings. He specifically adopted Windsor as the surname for all descendants of Queen Victoria then living in the United Kingdom, excluding women who married into other families and their descendants.[28]
Finally, on behalf of his various relatives who were British subjects he relinquished the use of all German titles and styles, and adopted British-sounding surnames. George compensated several of his male relatives by creating them British peers. Thus, overnight his cousin, Prince Louis of Battenberg, became Louis Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Milford Haven, while his brother-in-law, the Duke of Teck, became Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge. Others, such as Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein and Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein, simply stopped using their territorial designations. In Letters Patent gazetted on 11 December 1917, the King restricted the style "His (or Her) Royal Highness" and the titular dignity of "Prince (or Princess) of Great Britain and Ireland" to the children of the Sovereign, the children of the sons of the Sovereign, and the eldest living son of the eldest living son of a Prince of Wales.[29]
The Letters Patent also stated that "the titles of Royal Highness, Highness or Serene Highness, and the titular dignity of Prince and Princess shall cease except those titles already granted and remaining unrevoked." Relatives of the British Royal Family who fought on the German side, such as Prince Ernst August of Hanover, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale (the senior male-line great grandson of George III) and Prince Carl Eduard, Duke of Albany and the reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (a male-line grandson of Queen Victoria), were simply cut off; their British peerages were suspended by a 1919 Order in Council under the provisions of the Titles Deprivation Act 1917. George also removed their Garter flags from St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle under pressure from his mother, Queen Alexandra.[30]
When Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, a first cousin of George through his mother, Queen Alexandra (Nicholas II's mother was Empress Maria Feodorovna, Queen Alexandra's sister) was overthrown in the Russian Revolution of 1917, the British Government offered asylum to the Tsar and his family but worsening conditions for the British people, and fears that revolution might come to the British Isles, led George to think that the presence of the Romanovs might seem inappropriate under the circumstances.[31] Despite the later claims of Lord Mountbatten of Burma that David Lloyd George, the Prime Minister, was opposed to the rescue of the Romanovs, records of the King's private secretary, Lord Stamfordham, suggest that George V opposed the rescue against the advice of Lloyd George.[32] Advanced planning for a rescue was undertaken by MI1, a branch of the British secret service,[33] but because of the strengthening Bolshevik position and wider difficulties with the conduct of the war, the plan was never put into operation.[34] The Tsar and his immediate family thus remained in Russia and were murdered by Bolshevik revolutionaries in 1918. The following year, George's aunt, Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark), and other members of the extended Russian imperial family were rescued from the Crimea by British ships.
Two months after the end of the war, the King's youngest son, John, died aged 13 after a short lifetime of ill-health. George was informed of the death by the Queen who wrote, "[John] had been a great anxiety to us for many years…The first break in the family circle is hard to bear but people have been so kind & sympathetic & this has helped us much."[35]
[edit] Later life
During and after World War I, many of the monarchies which had ruled most European countries fell. In addition to Russia, the monarchies of Austria, Germany, Greece, and Spain also fell to revolution and war, although the Greek monarchy was restored again shortly before George's death. Most of these countries were ruled by relatives of George. In 1922, a Royal Navy ship was sent to Greece to rescue his cousins, Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark (a nephew of Queen Alexandra through her brother King George I of Greece) and Princess Alice of Battenberg (a daughter of Prince Louis of Battenberg, one of the German princes granted a British peerage in 1917) and their children, including Prince Philip, who would later marry George's granddaughter, Elizabeth II.
George also took an interest in the political turmoil in Ireland, expressing his horror at government-sanctioned killings and reprisals to Prime Minister Lloyd George.[36] During the General Strike of 1926 the King took exception to suggestions that the strikers were 'revolutionaries' saying, "Try living on their wages before you judge them."[37] He also advised the Government against taking inflammatory action.[38]
In 1932, George agreed to deliver a Royal Christmas speech on the radio, an event which was to become an annual event. He was not in favour of the innovation originally but was persuaded by the argument that it was what his people wanted.[39] He was concerned by the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany, and warned the British ambassador in Berlin to be suspicious of the fascists.[40] By the silver jubilee of his reign in 1935, he had become a well-loved king, saying in response to the crowd's adulation, "I cannot understand it, after all I am only a very ordinary sort of fellow."[41]
George's relationship with his heir, Prince Edward deteriorated in these later years. George was disappointed in Edward's failure to settle down in life and appalled by his many affairs with married women.[8] He was reluctant to see Edward inherit the crown. In contrast, he was fond of his second eldest son, Prince Albert (later George VI) and doted on his eldest granddaughter, Princess Elizabeth; he nicknamed her "Lilibet", and she affectionately called him "Grandpa England".[42] George was quoted as saying about his son Edward: "After I am dead the boy will ruin himself within 12 months," and about Albert and Lilibet: "I pray to God my eldest son will never marry and have children, and that nothing will come between Bertie and Lilibet and the throne."[43]
[edit] Death
World War I took a toll on George's health, and his heavy smoking exacerbated recurring breathing problems. He long suffered from emphysema, bronchitis, chronic obstructive lung disease and pleurisy. In 1928, he fell seriously ill, and for the next two years his son Edward took over many of his duties.[44] The King retired for a brief period to the seaside resort of Bognor Regis in West Sussex.[45] A myth later grew that his last words, upon being told that he would soon be well enough to revisit the town, were "Bugger Bognor!"[46][47]
George never fully recovered. In his final year, he was occasionally administered oxygen.[48] In the evening of 15 January 1936, the King took to his bedroom at Sandringham House complaining of a cold; he would never leave the room alive.[49] He became gradually weaker, drifting in and out of consciousness. The diary of his physician, Lord Dawson of Penn, reveals that the King's last words, a mumbled "God damn you!",[50] were addressed to his nurse when she gave him a sedative on the night of the 20 January. When the King was already comatose and close to death, Dawson admits hastening the King's end by giving him a lethal injection of cocaine and morphine, both to prevent further strain on the family and so that the news of his death could be announced in the morning edition of The Times newspaper.[50][51] He died at 11.55 p.m. and is buried at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.
At the procession to George's Lying in State in Westminster Hall, as the cortege turned into New Palace Yard, the Maltese Cross fell from the Imperial Crown and landed in the gutter. The new King, Edward VIII, saw it fall and wondered whether this was a bad omen for his new reign.[52][53] He would abdicate before the year was out.
As a mark of respect to their father, George's four surviving sons, King Edward VIII, the Duke of York, the Duke of Gloucester and the Duke of Kent, mounted the guard, known as the Vigil of the Princes, at the catafalque on the night of 28 January, the day before the funeral.[54]
[edit] Tributes
A statue of King George V was unveiled outside Brisbane City Hall in 1938 as a tribute to the King from the citizens of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The square on which the statue stands was originally called Albert Square, but was later renamed King George Square in honour of King George V. In London, a statue by William Reid Dick stands outside the east end of Westminster Abbey.
The King George's Fields in London were created as a memorial by a committee in 1936 chaired by the then Lord Mayor of the City of London. Today they are each registered charities and are under the guidance of the National Playing Fields Association. The national stadium of Newfoundland in St. John's was named King George V Park in 1925. Jerusalem and Tel Aviv have major thoroughfares named for King George V—Rehov ha-Melekh George. Both date back to the period of the British Mandate for Palestine. In Paris, a large avenue from the top of the Champs-Elysées down to the Seine river and an underground station were named for George V; as are Avenue Georges, Shawinigan, Quebec, Canada; King George V Avenue, Sale, Victoria, Australia; King George V Secondary School, Malaysia; and King George V School and King George V Memorial Park in Hong Kong.
The World War I Royal Navy battleship HMS King George V and the World War II Royal Navy battleship HMS King George V were named in his honour.
[edit] Titles, styles, honours and arms
[edit] Titles
- 3 June 1865 – 24 May 1892: His Royal Highness Prince George of Wales
- 24 May 1892 – 22 January 1901: His Royal Highness The Duke of York
- 22 January 1901 – 9 November 1901: His Royal Highness The Duke of Cornwall and York
- 9 November 1901 – 6 May 1910: His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales
- in Scotland: His Royal Highness The Duke of Rothesay
- 6 May 1910 – 20 January 1936: His Majesty The King
- and, occasionally, outside of the United Kingdom, and with regard to India: His Imperial Majesty The King-Emperor
| Monarchical Styles of King George V of the United Kingdom |
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| Reference style | His Majesty |
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| Spoken style | Your Majesty |
| Alternative style | Sir |
[edit] Styles
Prior to his accession, on 6 May 1910, George held the full style "His Royal Highness The Prince George Frederick Ernest Albert, Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester, Duke of Cornwall, Duke of Rothesay, Duke of York, Earl of Carrick, Earl of Inverness, Baron Renfrew, Baron Killarney, Lord of the Isles, Prince and Great Steward of Scotland, Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, Knight of the Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Knight of the Most Illustrious Order of St. Patrick, Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George, Knight Grand Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, Imperial Service Order, Royal Victorian Chain, Member of His Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, Royal Fellow of the Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, Admiral of the Royal Navy"
His full style as king was "His Majesty George V, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India", until 1927, when it was changed, albeit superficially, to "His Majesty George V, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, King, Defender of the Faith, Emperor of India"
[edit] Honours
- KG: Knight of the Garter, 4 August 1884
- KT: Knight of the Thistle, 5 July 1893
- KP: Knight of St Patrick, 20 August 1897
- GCSI: Knight Grand Commander of the Star of India, 28 September 1905
- GCMG: Knight Grand Cross of St Michael and St George, 9 March 1901
- GCIE: Knight Grand Commander of the Indian Empire, 28 September 1905
- GCVO: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, 30 June 1897
- ISO: Imperial Service Order, 31 March 1903
- Royal Victorian Chain, 1902
- PC: Privy Counsellor, 18 July 1894
- FRS: Royal Fellow of the Royal Society, 8 June 1893
- Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports & Constable of Dover Castle, 1905–1907
- President of the Royal Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland, 1893–1895
- President of the Royal Agricultural Society of England,1897–1903
[edit] Military
- Cdt, September 1877: Cadet, HMS Britannia
- Mid, 8 January 1880: Midshipman, HMS Bacchante and the corvette Canada
- SLt, 3 June 1884: Sub-Lieutenant, Royal Navy
- Lt, 8 October 1885: Lieutenant, HMS Thunderer; HMS Dreadnought; HMS Alexandra; HMS Northumberland
- I/C Torpedo Boat 79; the gunboat Thrush
- Cdr, 24 August 1891: Commander, I/C the Melampus
- Capt, 2 January 1893: Captain, Royal Navy
- RAdm, 1 January 1901: Rear-Admiral, Royal Navy
- VAdm, 26 June 1903: Vice-Admiral, Royal Navy
- Adm, 1907: Admiral, Royal Navy
- 1910: Admiral of the Fleet, Royal Navy
- MRAF, Marshal of the Royal Air Force
[edit] Arms
As Duke of York, George's arms were the royal arms, with an inescutcheon for Saxony, all differenced with a label argent of three points, the centre bearing an anchor azure. As Prince of Wales the centre label lost its anchor. As King, George V's arms were those of the Kingdom. In 1917, he removed, by warrant, the Saxony inescutcheon from the arms of all descendants of the Prince Consort (although the royal arms themselves had never borne the shield).[55]
 Coat of arms as Duke of York |
 Coat of arms as Prince of Wales |
 Coat of arms as George V |
[edit] In popular culture
On screen, George has been portrayed by:
- Henry Warwick in the silent film Why America Will Win (1918)
- William Gaffney in the silent film The Great Victory, Wilson or the Kaiser? The Fall of the Hohenzollerns (1919)
- Derek Erskine in the silent film The Scarlet Woman: An Ecclesiastical Melodrama (1925)
- Carleton Hobbs in A King's Story (1965), the story of Edward VIII
- Michael Osborne in the ATV drama series Edward the Seventh (1975)
- Keith Varnier in the LWT drama series Lillie (1978), telling the story of Lillie Langtry
- Rene Aranda in The Fiendish Plot of Dr. Fu Manchu (1980)
- Andrew Gilmour in the Australian miniseries A Thousand Skies (1985), the story of Charles Kingsford Smith, based on the novel by Tasmin Beattie
- David Ravenswood in Australian TV miniseries The Great Air Race (1990)
- John Warner in the RTE TV drama The Treaty (1991)
- David Troughton in the BBC drama All the King's Men (1999)
- Rupert Frazer in the TV miniseries Shackleton (2002), telling the story of Ernest Shackleton
- Alan Bates in the Carlton Television drama Bertie and Elizabeth (2002)
- Tom Hollander in the BBC miniseries The Lost Prince (2003)
- Clifford Rose in the TV drama Wallis & Edward (2005)
- Andrew Pritchard in the British TV drama documentary The First Black Britons (2005)
- Julian Wadham in the TV drama My Boy Jack (2007), based on the play by David Haig
[edit] Ancestors
[edit] Issue
| Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Edward, Prince of Wales Later Edward VIII |
23 June 1894 | 28 May 1972 | later the Duke of Windsor; married Wallis Simpson; no issue |
| Prince Albert, Duke of York Later George VI |
14 December 1895 | 6 February 1952 | married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon; had issue (including Elizabeth II) |
| Mary, Princess Royal Later Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood |
25 April 1897 | 28 March 1965 | married Henry Lascelles, 6th Earl of Harewood; and had issue |
| Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester | 31 March 1900 | 10 June 1974 | married Lady Alice Montagu-Douglas-Scott; had issue |
| Prince George, Duke of Kent | 20 December 1902 | 25 August 1942 | married Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark; had issue |
| Prince John | 12 July 1905 | 18 January 1919 | Died from seizures |
[edit] Notes and sources
- ^ His godparents were the King of Hanover, the Queen and Crown Prince of Denmark, Ernst, 4th Prince of Leiningen, the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the Duchess of Cambridge, Princess Alice and the Duke of Cambridge. Source: The Times (London), Saturday, 8 July 1865, p.12
- ^ Sinclair, David (1988). Two Georges: The Making of the Modern Monarchy. London: Hodder and Stoughton, pp.46–47. ISBN 0-340-33240-9.
- ^ Sinclair, pp.49–50
- ^ Rose, Kenneth (1983). King George V. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, p.13. ISBN 0-297-78245-2.
- ^ Sinclair, p.55
- ^ Sinclair, p.69
- ^ Pope-Hennessy, James (1959). Queen Mary. London: George Allen and Unwin, Ltd, pp.250–251.
- ^ a b c d Matthew, H. C. G. (Sept 2004; online edn, May 2006), “George V (1865–1936)”, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press), doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33369, <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33369>. Retrieved on 19 March 2007
- ^ Sinclair, p.178
- ^ The Times (London) Friday, 7 July 1893, p.5
- ^ See a photograph of them side-by-side
- ^ Yvonne's Royalty: Peerage. Retrieved on 2007-03-02.
- ^ Renamed from Bachelor's Cottage
- ^ Harold Nicolson's diary quoted in Sinclair, p.107
- ^ The Royal Philatelic Collection. Retrieved on 2007-03-02.
- ^ Rose, p.42
- ^ See Sinclair, pp.93 ff for a full discussion
- ^ The Prince of Wales – Previous Princes of Wales. Household of HRH The Prince of Wales. Retrieved on 2007-09-27.
- ^ Rose, p.289
- ^ Sinclair, p.107
- ^ Rose, pp.65–66
- ^ George Frederick Abbott's Through India with the Prince (1906) describes the tour.
- ^ Pope-Hennessy, p.421
- ^ Rose, p.136
- ^ About one bird every 20 seconds.
- ^ Windsor, HRH The Duke of (1951). A King’s Story. London: Cassell and Co, pp.86–87.
- ^ Nicolson, Sir Harold (1952). King George the Fifth: His Life and Reign. London: Constable and Co, p.308.
- ^ The official website of the British Monarchy. Retrieved on 2007-03-02.
- ^ Nicolson, p.310
- ^ Purdue, A. W. (2004), “Alexandra (1844–1925)”, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press), doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/30375, <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/30375>. Retrieved on 9 March 2007
- ^ Sinclair, p.148 and Nicolson, p.301
- ^ Rose, p.210
- ^ Crossland, John (15 October 2006), “British Spies In Plot To Save Tsar”, The Sunday Times
- ^ Sinclair, p.149
- ^ Pope-Hennessy, p.511
- ^ Sinclair, p.114 and Nicolson, p.347
- ^ Sinclair, p.105
- ^ Nicolson, p.419
- ^ Sinclair p.154
- ^ Nicolson, pp.521–522
- ^ Sinclair, p.1
- ^ Pimlott, Ben (1996). The Queen. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-19431-X.
- ^ Ziegler, Philip (1990). King Edward VIII: The Official Biography. London: Collins, p.199. ISBN 0-002-15741-1.
- ^ Ziegler, pp.192–196
- ^ Pope-Hennessy, p.546
- ^ Roberts, Andrew; Edited by Antonia Fraser (2000). The House of Windsor. London: Cassell and Co, p.36. ISBN 0-304-35406-6.
- ^ Ashley, Mike (1998). The Mammoth Book of British Kings and Queens. London: Robinson Publishing, p.699.
- ^ Bradford, Sarah (1989). King George VI. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, p.149. ISBN 0-297-79667-4.
- ^ Pope-Hennessy, p.558
- ^ a b Watson, Francis (1986), “The Death of George V”, History Today 36: pp.21–30
- ^ Ramsay, J. H. R. (28 May 1994), “A king, a doctor, and a convenient death”, British Medical Journal 308: p.1445, <http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/308/6941/1445>
- ^ The Duke of Windsor, p.267
- ^ The cross, comprised of a sapphire and 200 diamonds, was retrieved by a military man following later in the procession.
- ^ The Times (London), Tuesday, 28 January 1936, p.10 col. F
- ^ Velde, François (7 January 2007) "Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family". Heraldica. Retrieved on 2008-04-01.
[edit] References
- Matthew, H. C. G. (Sept 2004; online edn, May 2006), “George V (1865–1936)”, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press), doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33369, <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33369>. Retrieved on 19 March 2007
- Nicolson, Sir Harold (1952). King George the Fifth: His Life and Reign. London: Constable and Co.
- Pope-Hennessy, James (1959). Queen Mary. London: George Allen and Unwin, Ltd.
- Rose, Kenneth (1983). King George V. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-78245-2.
- Sinclair, David (1988). Two Georges: The Making of the Modern Monarchy. London: Hodder and Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-33240-9.
- Windsor, HRH The Duke of (1951). A King’s Story. London: Cassell and Co.
[edit] External links
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George V of the United Kingdom
Cadet branch of the House of Wettin
Born: 3 June 1865 Died: 20 June 1936 |
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| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Edward VII |
King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions 1910 – 1927 |
Name of title changed by the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 |
| Emperor of India 1910 – 1936 |
Succeeded by Edward VIII |
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| New title Name of title changed by the
Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 |
King of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions 1927 – 1936 |
Succeeded by Edward VIII |
| British royalty | ||
| Preceded by Albert Edward, Prince of Wales later became King Edward VII |
Heir to the Throne as heir apparent 1901 – 1910 |
Succeeded by Edward, Prince of Wales later became King Edward VIII |
| Honorary titles | ||
| Preceded by Prince George, Duke of Cambridge |
Grand Master of the Order of St Michael and St George 1904 – 1910 |
Vacant
Title next held by
Edward, Prince of Wales |
| Preceded by The Lord Curzon of Kedleston |
Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports 1905 – 1907 |
Succeeded by The Earl Brassey |
| Peerage of the United Kingdom | ||
| Preceded by Prince Albert Edward, Duke of Cornwall later became King Edward VII |
Prince of Wales 1901 – 1910 |
Succeeded by Prince Edward, Duke of Cornwall later became King Edward VIII |
| New creation | Duke of York 6th creation 1892 – 1910 |
Merged in the Crown |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | George V of the United Kingdom |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | George Frederick Ernest Albert |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | King-Emperor |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 3 June 1865 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Marlborough House, London |
| DATE OF DEATH | 20 January 1936 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Sandringham House, Norfolk |
