George Sudarshan

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George Sudarshan
Sudarshan receiving First Prize in Physics from Third World Academy of Sciences in 1985
Sudarshan receiving First Prize in Physics from Third World Academy of Sciences in 1985
Born September 16, 1931
Flag of India Pallam, Kottayam district, Kerala, India
Residence U.S.
Nationality U.S.
Fields Theoretical Physics
Institutions University of Texas at Austin
Indian Institute of Science
IMSc
Harvard University
University of Rochester
TIFR
Alma mater University of Madras
TIFR
University of Rochester
Doctoral advisor Robert Marshak
Known for Sudarshan-Glauber representation
V-A theory of the weak force
Tachyons
Notable awards Padma Vibhushan (2007)
Majorana Prize (2006)
Third World Academy of Sciences Prize, (1985)
Bose Medal, (1977)
CV Raman Award, (1970).
Religious stance Christian

Ennackal Chandy George Sudarshan (E.C.G. Sudarshan) (September 16, 1931, Pallam, in Kottayam district of Kerala, India) is a prominent Indian American physicist, author, and professor at The University of Texas at Austin.

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[edit] Education

Sudarshan graduated with honours from the Madras Christian College in 1951. He obtained his master's degree at the University of Madras (India) in 1952. Then he moved to Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) and worked there for a brief period with Homi Bhabha as well as others. Subsequently he moved to University of Rochester in New York with Robert Marshak as a graduate student. In 1958, he received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Rochester.

[edit] Contributions

Sudarshan has made significant contributions to several areas of physics. He was the originator (with Robert Marshak) of the V-A theory of the weak force (also done later by Richard Feynman and Murray Gell-Mann), which eventually paved the way for the electroweak theory. He also developed a quantum representation of coherent light, which is now known as the

Sudarshan's most significant work might be his contribution to the field of quantum optics. His theorem proves the equivalence of classical wave optics to quantum optics. The theorem makes use of the Sudarshan-Glauber representation. This representation also predicts optical effects that are purely quantum, and cannot be explained classically.

Sudarshan has made significant contributions to many other fields of physics. He was the first to propose the existence of tachyons, particles that travel faster than light. He developed formalism called dynamical maps that is one of the most fundamental formalism to study the theory of open quantum system. He, in collaboration with Baidyanaith Misra, also proposed the quantum Zeno effect[1].

He has taught at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), University of Rochester, Syracuse University, and Harvard. From 1969 onwards, he has been a Professor of Physics at The University of Texas at Austin and a Senior Professor at the Indian Institute of Science. He worked as the Director of The Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc), Chennai, India for five years during the 1980s dividing his time between India and USA. During his tenure, he transformed it into a centre of excellence. He also met and held many discussions with philosopher J Krishnamurti.

His areas of interest include elementary particle physics, quantum optics, quantum information, quantum field theory, gauge field theories, classical mechanics and foundations of physics. He is also deeply interested in Vedanta, on which he lectures frequently.

[edit] Controversy regarding Nobel Prize

There was a controversy involving Sudarshan and the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2005. Several physicists wrote a letter to the Swedish Academy, protesting that Sudarshan should have been awarded a share of the Prize for the Sudarshan-Glauber representation (or Sudarshan diagonal representation) in quantum optics, for which Roy J. Glauber won his share of the prize. Because the terms of Alfred Nobel's will restrict the number of Nobel Prize winners to three in a given year, the Nobel Committee has often been criticized for allegedly ignoring scientists who did seminal work on a topic while awarding a prize to other scientists for the same topic.[2]

For the first time, Sudarshan himself has broken his silence over the Nobel controversy. Speaking to the Hindustan Times, he expressed frustration at the way he was ignored for top science honours, saying "The 2005 Nobel prize for Physics was awarded for my work, but I wasn’t the one to get it. Each one of the discoveries that the Nobel was given for were based on my research."[3]

About having been denied the Nobel in 1979 as well, Sudarshan said, "Steven Weinberg, Sheldon Glashow and Abdus Salam built on work I had done as a 26-year-old student. If you give a prize for a building, shouldn’t the fellow who built the first floor be given the prize before those who built the second floor?"

See also Matthew Effect

[edit] Awards

In 2007, Sudarshan was awarded the Padma Vibhushan by the Government of India, the highest civilian award after the Bharat Ratna.

[edit] Bibliography

  • Doubt and Certainty with Tony Rothman
  • Classical Dynamics with N. Mukunda
  • Fundamentals of Quantum Optics with John Klauder
  • Introduction to Elementary Particle Physics with Robert Marshak
  • From Classical to Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction to the Formalism, Foundations and Applications with Giampiero Esposito and Giuseppe Marmo

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ Sudarshan, E.C.G. & Misra, B., “The Zeno’s paradox in quantum theory”, Journal of Mathematical Physics 18 (4): pp. 756-763 
  2. ^ Zhou, Lulu (December 06, 2005). Scientists Question Nobel. The Harvard Crimson. Retrieved on 2008-02-22.
  3. ^ Mehta, Neha (April 04, 2007). Physicist cries foul over Nobel miss. Hindustan Times. Retrieved on 2008-02-22.

[edit] See also

[edit] External links

[edit] References

  • Phys. Rev. Lett. 10, 277-279 (1963)[[Category:Padma Bhushan recipients]
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