George Neville
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| George Neville | |
| Archbishop of York | |
| Enthroned | {{{began}}} |
|---|---|
| Ended | June 8, 1476 |
| Predecessor | William Booth |
| Successor | Lawrence Booth |
| Consecration | translated March 15, 1465 |
| Birth name | George Neville |
| Born | about 1432 |
| Died | June 8, 1476 |
George Neville (c. 1432 – June 8, 1476), archbishop of York and chancellor of England, was the youngest son of Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury, and brother of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, known as the "Kingmaker."[1]
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[edit] Life
He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford, and was from his childhood destined for the clerical profession, in which through the great influence of his family he obtained rapid advancement, becoming bishop of Exeter in 1458. He was provided to the see on February 4, 1458 and consecrated on December 3, 1458.[2] From this time forward Neville took a prominent part in the troubled politics of the period. He was present with his brother Warwick at the battle of Northampton in July 1460, immediately after which the great seal was committed to his keeping.[3]
He took part in the proclamation of Edward of York as king, who confirmed his appointment as chancellor.[3][4] In 1463 he was employed on a diplomatic mission in France;[5] and in 1464, after taking part in negotiation with the Scots, Neville became archbishop of York on March 15, 1465.[6]
His enthronement as Archbishop of York took place in Cawood Castle in September 1465 and to demonstrate the riches and power of his family, twenty eight peers, fifty nine knights, ten abbots, seven bishops, numerous lawyers, clergy, esquires, and ladies, together with their attendants and servants came to the castle. Together with the archbishop's own family and servants there were about 2500 to be fed at each meal. They consumed 4000 pigeons and 4000 crays, 2000 chickens, 204 cranes, 104 peacocks, 100 dozen quails, 400 swans and 400 herons, 113 oxen, six wild bulls, 608 pikes and bream, 12 porpoises and seals, 1000 sheep, 304 calves, 2000 pigs, 1000 capons, 400 plovers, 200 dozen of a bird called 'rees' (i.e. ruffs), 4000 mallard and teals, 204 kids and 204 bitterns, 200 pheasants, 500 partridges, 400 woodcocks, 100 curlews, 1000 egrets, over 500 stags, bucks and roes, 4000 cold and 1500 hot venison pies, 4000 dishes of jelly, 4000 baked tarts, 2000 hot custards with a proportionate quantity of bread, sugared delicacies and cakes, and 300 tuns of ale and 100 tuns of wine. [7][8]
During the next few years he as well as his brothers fell into disfavour with Edward IV; and in June 1467 Edward took back the Great Seal in person as punishment for Neville's obstruction of the royal plans.[9] In 1469, after a successful rising in Yorkshire secretly fermented by Warwick, the king fell into the hands of the archbishop, by whom, after a short imprisonment, he was permitted to escape.[10]
When Warwick was in turn defeated by the king's forces at Stamford in 1470, Archbishop Neville took the oath of allegiance to Edward, but during the short Lancastrian restoration which compelled Edward to cross to Holland, Neville acted as chancellor to Henry VI;[3] and when the tide once more turned he again trimmed his sails to the favouring breeze, making his peace with Edward, now again triumphant, by surrendering Henry into his hands. The archbishop for a short time shared Henry's captivity in the Tower.[11]
Having been pardoned in April 1471,[12] he was re-arrested on April 25, 1472 on a charge of treason and secretly conveyed to France, where he remained a prisoner at the castle of Hammes near Calais[13] until November of 1474, when he returned to England; he died in the following year, on the 8th of June 1476.[6] Archbishop Neville was a respectable scholar; and he was a considerable benefactor of the university of Oxford and especially of Balliol College.[14]
[edit] Notes
- ^ Cockayne Complete Peerage: Volume XI p. 398
- ^ Fryde Handbook of British Chronology p. 247
- ^ a b c Fryde Handbook of British Chronology p. 87
- ^ Ross Edward IV p. 34
- ^ Ross Edward IV p. 56
- ^ a b Fryde Handbook of British Chronology p. 282
- ^ Christopher Hibbert The English. A Social History, 1066-1945. ISBN 0 246 12181 5 pages 10 and 11
- ^ Mitchell, R.J., and Leys, M.D.R. : A History of the English People (1950) Pages 250 to 257
- ^ Ross Edward IV p. 83
- ^ Ross Edward IV p. 132-135
- ^ Ross Edward IV p. 166
- ^ Ross Edward IV p. 184
- ^ Ross Edward IV p. 191
- ^ Ross Edward IV p. 193
[edit] References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
- The Historical Collections of a Citizen of London in the 15th century, ed. J Gairdner (Camden Soc., London, 1876)
- Cokayne, G. E. The Complete Peerage: Volume XI Rickerton to Sisonby reprint edition Gloucester:Sutton Publishing 2000 ISBN 0-904387-82-8
- Paston Letters, ed. James Gairdner (London, 1872-1875)
- Powicke, F. Maurice and E. B. Fryde Handbook of British Chronology 2nd. ed. London:Royal Historical Society 1961
- Ramsey, Sir James H. Lancaster and York 1399-1485 (Oxford, 1892)
- Ross, Charles Edward IV Berkeley: University of California Press 1974 ISBN 0-520-02781-7
- Rymer, Thomas, Foedera, &c. (London, 1704)
- Warkworth, John, Chronicle of the first Thirteen Years of the Reign of Edward IV., ed. JO Halliwell (Camden Soc., London, 1839)
[edit] External links
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by William Waynflete |
Lord Chancellor 1460–1467 |
Succeeded by Robert Stillington |
| Preceded by Robert Stillington |
Lord Chancellor 1470–1471 |
Succeeded by Robert Stillington |
| Roman Catholic Church titles | ||
| Preceded by John Hales |
Bishop of Exeter 1458–1465 |
Succeeded by John Booth |
| Preceded by William Booth |
Archbishop of York 1465–1476 |
Succeeded by Lawrence Booth |
| Academic offices | ||
| Preceded by Gilbert Kymer |
Chancellor of the University of Oxford 1453–1457 |
Succeeded by Thomas Chaundeler |
| Preceded by Thomas Chaundeler |
Chancellor of the University of Oxford 1461–1472 |
Succeeded by Thomas Chaundeler |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Neville, George |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Nevill, George |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Lord Chancellor; Bishop of Exeter; Archbishop of York |
| DATE OF BIRTH | about 1432 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 8, 1476 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | |
