George Jehoshaphat Mountain
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George Jehoshaphat Mountain (27 July 1789 – 6 January 1863) was a Canadian Anglican bishop (3rd Anglican Bishop of Quebec) and the first Principal of McGill College from 1824 to 1835.
Born in Norwich, England, the son of Jacob Mountain, a bishop (1st Anglican Bishop of Quebec) and politician, and Elizabeth Mildred Wale Kentish, he moved with his family to Quebec City in 1793. In 1814, he became a priest and a bishop in 1836. From 1824 to 1835, he was principal of McGill College and professor of divinity. In 1843, he was instrumental in the founding of Bishop's University in Lennoxville, Quebec. His missionary journey to the Red River Settlement is recorded in The Journal of the Bishop of Montreal, during a Visit to the Church Missionary Society's North-West America Mission; it remains a lasting church historical and ethnographic resource.
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[edit] Biography
Mountain, second son of Jacob Mountain, was born in Norwich on 27 July 1789, and was brought up in Quebec. Returning to England at the age of sixteen, he studied under private tutors until he matriculated from Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. in 1810, and D.D. in 1819. He removed again to Canada in 1811, and, becoming secretary to his father, was ordained deacon in 1812 and priest in 1816, at the same time being appointed evening lecturer in Quebec Cathedral.
He was rector of Fredericton, New Brunswick, from 1814 to 1817, when he returned to Quebec as rector of that parish and bishop's official. In 1821 he became archdeacon of Lower Canada. On 14 February 1836 he was consecrated, at Lambeth, bishop of Montreal, as coadjutor to Dr. Charles James Stewart, bishop of Quebec.
Dr. Stewart shortly afterwards proceeded to England, and the charge of the entire diocese was under Mountain's care until 1839, when Upper Canada was made a separate see. It was through his earnest exertions that Rupert's Land was also, in 1849, erected into an episcopal see.
He continued to have the sole charge of Lower Canada until 1850, when he secured the constitution of the diocese of Montreal, he himself retaining the diocese of Quebec, by far the poorer and more laborious of the two. During the greater part of his ministerial career he had to perform long, tedious, and often dangerous journeys into the interior of a wild and unsettled country, paying frequent visits to the north-west territory, the eastern townships, the Magdalen Islands, and the shores of Labrador; also to Rupert's Land, some three thousand six hundred miles, in an Indian canoe.
He came to England in 1853 to confer with Dr. William Grant Broughton, the metropolitan of Australasia, on the subject of synodical action in colonial churches, and he received the degree of D.C.L. at the University of Oxford.
The greatest of his works was the establishment in 1845 of the Lower Canadian Church University, Bishop's College, Lennoxville, for the education of clergymen.
Mountain was a learned theologian, an elegant scholar, and powerful preacher. He died at Bardfield, Quebec, on 6 Jan. 1863.
[edit] Works
Besides many single sermons, charges, and pamphlets, Mountain wrote:
- The Journal of the Bishop of Montreal during a Visit to the Church Missionary Society's North-West American Mission (1845; ²1849)
- Songs of the Wilderness; being a Collection of Poems (1846)
- Journal of a Visitation in a Portion of the Diocese, by the Lord Bishop of Montreal (1847)
- Sermons published at the Request of the Synod of the Diocese (1865)
[edit] Miscellanea
Two adjacent parallel streets in downtown Montreal are named in his honour: Bishop and Mountain. The latter has since been translated to "de la montagne" in the mistaken belief that the name relates to the proximity of Mount Royal.
[edit] References
- Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
- Documents by G.J. Mountain
- This article incorporates text from the Dictionary of National Biography (1885–1900), a publication now in the public domain.
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