Geoffrey de Clinton

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Geoffrey de Clinton (d. c. 1134) was an Anglo-Norman noble, chamberlain and treasurer to King Henry I of England. He was foremost amongst the men king Henry "raised from the dust".[1]. He married Lescelina

Clinton's family origins are a little obscure. The surname probably derives from the village of Glympton in Oxfordshire.[2], though the family ultimately derived from Saint-Pierre-de-Semilly (Manche, arr. St. Lô, canton St.-Clair) in western Normandy.[3]

It appears that Clinton spent some years as a minor official of the king's, until the 1118 fall of the treasurer Herbert camerarius, who was accused of plotting against the king. By 1120 Clinton had taken his place.

Not too long afterwards Clinton was appointed sheriff of Warwickshire (by 1121), to act as counterweight to the Earl of Warwick, Roger de Beaumont, who Henry I did not trust. The 1122 rebellion of Roger's cousin Waleran de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Worcester increased the king's suspicions still further, and he compelled Roger to grant Clinton a substantial part of his Warwickshire domains.[4]

Clinton further secured his position by starting work on the great castle of Kenilworth, only two miles from the earl's central fortress at Warwick.[5]

Clinton received other land grants from Henry I, and he used his position of political influence to enrich himself in other ways[6]. In sum his total wealth was just below the level of the greatest magnates of the kingdom.[7] He had enough to spend 2,000 pounds to insure his nephew Roger de Clinton's election as Bishop of Coventry.[8]

Around Easter 1130 Clinton was accused of treason, but was acquitted by a panel including David I of Scotland, who was sitting in his capacity as Earl of Huntingdon. The substance of the accusations against Clinton are not known, although since he was Henry I's treasurer, financial malfeasance of some sort is possible.[9] The Beaumonts were back in favor, and it may be that they were behind the proceedings.[10]

Clinton remained in the royal service, though he was never as influential as he had been. He died sometime between 1133 and 1135.[11]

It appears that Clinton's land-holding must have been primarily life tenencies since his descendants property was not nearly so imposing.[12] His son and successor, also named Geoffrey, became engaged in a violent quarrel with the Earl of Warwick early in the reign of King Stephen of England. The Clintons nearly lost everything, but in the end a settlement was reached (probably in the summer of 1138) by which the younger Geoffrey de Clinton married Warwick's daughter Agnes.[13]

The direct Clinton male line seems to have died out during the reign of Henry III. The later Baron Clintons, Earls of Lincoln, and Dukes of Newcastle-Under-Lyne descend from the elder Geoffrey de Clinton's nephew Osbert.[14]

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ in Orderic Vitalis' famous phrase, as quoted in Archer
  2. ^ Southern p. 214
  3. ^ Round
  4. ^ Crouch p. 116-117
  5. ^ Crouch p. 118
  6. ^ Southern p. 215
  7. ^ Hollister p. 338
  8. ^ Southern p. 217
  9. ^ Green p. 207
  10. ^ Crouch p. 120
  11. ^ Crouch p. 130
  12. ^ Green p. 245
  13. ^ Crouch p. 121, Round
  14. ^ Archer

[edit] References

  • Archer, T.A. (1887). "Geoffrey de Clinton". Dictionary of National Biography 11. 93-94. 
  • Crouch, David (1982). "Geoffrey de Clinton and Roger, earl of Warwick: new men and magnates in the reign of Henry I". Historical Research 60: 113-24. 
  • Green, Judith. Henry I: King of England. ISBN 9780521591317. 
  • Hollister, C. Warren (2001). Henry I, Yale Monarchs series. Yale University Press. ISBN 0300098294. 
  • Round, J. H. (1904). "A great marriage settlement". Ancestor 11: 153-7. 
  • Southern, R.W. (1970). "King Henry I", Medieval Humanism and Other Studies, 206-33. , reprinted from Southern, R.W. (1962). "The Place of Henry I in English History". Proceedings of the British Academy 48: 127-70. 
  • Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis, Line 70A-26
  • The Origins of Some Anglo-Norman Families by Lewis C. Loyd, Page 30.
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