Geocoded photograph
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A geocoded photograph is a photograph which is associated with a geographical location. A geocoded image can be associated to geographical coordinates such as latitude, longitude and altitude, or to a street address.
In theory, every part of a picture can be tied to a geographic location, but in the most typical application, only the position of the photographer is associated with the entire digital image. This has implications for search and retrieval. For example, photos of a mountain summit can be taken from different positions miles apart. To find all images of a particular summit in an image database, all photos taken within a reasonable distance must be considered. The point position of the photographer can in some cases include the bearing, the direction the camera was pointing.
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[edit] Methods of geocoding photographs
There are a few methods of geocoding photographs, either automatic or manual.
[edit] Automatic using a connected GPS
Some digital cameras and camera phones support GPS. If the device provides full geocoding support, a photo's relevant GPS data is automatically stored in the photo's EXIF information when the photo is taken. This is the most precise method of geocoding an image as long as a good signal is achieved at the time of taking the photo. The GPS receiver can be built into the camera or can be a separate device connected by cable.
[edit] Synchronizing with a separate GPS
Most digital cameras sold today do not contain a built-in GPS receiver; however, an external location-aware device, such as a hand-held GPS unit, can still be used with a non-GPS digital camera for geocoding. The photo is taken without geographical information and is processed later using software in conjunction with the GPS data. Timestamps made by the camera can be compared to timestamps in the recorded GPS information, provided that the clocks in the separate devices can be synchronized. The resulting coordinates can then be added to the EXIF information of the photo.
[edit] Manual geocoding
Geocoding information can also be added to photos even if no GPS device was present when the photo was taken. The information can be entered by directly giving the coordinates or by selecting a location from a map. Some tools allow entry of tags such as city, ZIP Code or a street address. A less precise method is adding descriptive data of the location to an image. Specialized scene recognition software like Photosynth is capable of recognizing a landmark or photo location by comparing to other photos with known locations.
[edit] Uses
When geocoded photos are uploaded to sites such as Flickr, the photo can be placed onto a map to view the location the photo was taken. In this way users can browse photos from a map or search for photos from a given area, and find related photos of the same place from other users.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
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