Gentile Reform

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The Gentile Reform of 1923 was a reform of the Italian educational system through a series of normative acts (royal legislative decrees of 31 December 1922, n. 1679, 16 July 1923, n. 1753, 6 May 1923, n. 1054, 30 September 1923, n. 2102 and 1 October 1923, n. 2185), by the neoidealist philosopher Giovanni Gentile, minister of education in Mussolini's first cabinet. It officially recognized 21 universities in Italy

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The compulsory age of education was raised to 14 years, and was somewhat based on a ladder system: after the first five years of primary instruction, one could choose the 'Scuola media', which would give further access to the "liceo" and other secondary instruction, or the 'avviamento al lavoro', which was intended to give a quick entry into the low strates of workforce.
Gentile created the Liceo Classico (intended as the peak of secondary education, with the goal of forming the future upper classes), as well as the Technical, Commercial and Industrial institutes. The Liceo Classico was the only secondary school that gave access to all types of university.