General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII
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In 1955 Pope Pius XII made several changes to the General Roman Calendar as in 1954, changes that remained in force only until the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, on the basis of further recommendations of the commission that Pius XII had set up for this purpose, (headed by Annibale Bugnini) decreed in 1960 a further revision of the Roman Catholic calendar of saints (see the General Roman Calendar of 1962). The changes made by Pope Pius XII thus remained unaltered for merely five years.
He made the following changes by the decree "Cum nostra hac aetate" (De rubricis ad simpliciorem formam redigendis) of March 23, 1955[1]
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[edit] Rank of feasts
The grade and rite of "Semi-Double" was suppressed, and the liturgical days formerly celebrated as that rite were to be celebrated in the simple rite except the Vigil of Pentecost which was raised to the double rite.[2]
[edit] Sundays
The Sundays of Advent and Lent and those that follow up to Low Sunday, and also Pentecost Sunday, were to be celebrated as doubles of the first class, outranking all feasts; but when feasts of the first class occurred on the second, third or fourth Sunday of Advent, Masses of the feast were permitted except the conventual Mass. Sundays previously celebrated in the Semi-Double rite were raised to the Double rite. An impeded Sunday Office and Mass was to be neither anticipated nor resumed. A feast or title or any mystery of Our Lord falling on a Sunday per annum was thenceforth to take the place of the Sunday, with the latter merely commemorated.[3]
[edit] Vigils
The Vigil of the Nativity of the Lord and the vigil of Pentecost were privileged vigils. The Vigils of the Ascension of Our Lord, the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Saint John the Baptist, Saints Peter and Paul and Saint Lawrance were to be common vigils and, if they occurred on a Sunday, were not to be anticipated, but simply omitted. All other vigils, including those marked in particular calendars, were suppressed.[4]
[edit] Octaves
Only the Octaves of Easter, Christmas and Pentecost were to be celebrated; all others occurring either in the universal or in particular calendars were suppressed. The days within the Easter and Pentecost octaves were raised to the Double rite, had precedence over all feasts, and did not admit commemorations. But the days of the Octave of Christmas, although of the Double rite, continued to be celebrated as before.[5]
From January 2 to 5, unless some feast occurred, the Office was to be of the current feria in the simple rite. The Mass was to be the same as that of January 1, but without the Credo and the special Communicantes.[6]
With the suppression of the Octave of Epiphany, the days from January 7 to 12 became feriae per annum (in the Simple rite); the Mass was to be the same as that of the Epiphany, but without the Credo and without the special Communicantes. On January 13, the Commemoration of the Baptism of our Lord was to be celebrated in the major double rite, using for the Office and the Mass those previously said on the Octave of the Epiphany. But if the Commemoration of the Baptism of Our Lord occurred on Sunday, the Office and Mass were to be those of the "Feast of the Holy Family" without any commemoration.[7]
The days from the Ascension of Our Lord to the Vigil of Pentecost exclusive became feriae of Eastertide (in the Simple rite); the Mass was to be that of the Feast of the Ascension, but without the Credo and the special Communicantes. The days of the suppressed Octaves of Corpus Christi and the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus became feriae per annum.[8]
[edit] Feasts of the Saints
Saints' feasts previously celebrated in the Semi-Double rite were to be treated as Simple feasts, and those previously celebrated in the Simple rite were reduced to a commemoration. If any feast not of the first or second class occurred on the ferias of Lent and Passiontide, from Ash Wednesday to the Saturday before Palm Sunday, the Office (if recited privately) and the Mass could be either of the feria or of the feast.[9]
[edit] Other changes
By a separate decree of the same year 1955, Pope Pius XII instituted the feast of "Saint Joseph the Worker" on May 1 (moving the feast of "Saints Philip and James Apostles" from May 1, where it had been since the sixth century, to May 11, and suppressing the "Solemnity of Saint Joseph, Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary" that, since Pope Pius IX's decree of September 10, 1847, had been celebrated on the second Wednesday after the Octave of Easter).
He also instituted the feast of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Queen on May 31; to make room for it, he moved the feast of Saint Angela Merici to June 1.
[edit] References
- ^ Acta Apostolicae Sedis 47(1955), pages 218-224
- ^ Title II: Changes in the calendar, 1-2
- ^ Title II: Changes in the calendar, 3-7
- ^ Title II: Changes in the calendar, 8-10
- ^ Title II: Changes in the calendar, 11-13
- ^ Title II: Changes in the calendar, 14
- ^ Title II: Changes in the calendar, 15-16
- ^ Title II: Changes in the calendar, 17-19
- ^ Title II: Changes in the calendar, 20-22
[edit] External links
- Pre-Vatican II Liturgical Changes: The Road to the New Mass (negative view)
- What was the reasoning behind the suppression of many vigils and octaves under Pope Pius XII? (positive view)
[edit] See also
- General Roman Calendar as in 1954
- General Roman Calendar of 1962
- Roman Catholic calendar of saints
- Tridentine Calendar
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