Gene R. Nichol

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Gene Ray Nichol was the twenty-sixth president of The College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia. He succeeded Timothy J. Sullivan and officially served from July 1, 2005 to February 12, 2008. It was the shortest tenure for a William & Mary president since the Civil War.^[1] During each year of his presidency, however, the College continued to break its own application records. The 2007-08 school year application count topped 11,500.^[2]

Nichol attended Oklahoma State University (Class of 1973), where he received a philosophy degree and played on the varsity football team. He received his law degree in 1976 from the University of Texas, graduating Order of the Coif. He then became the dean of the University of Colorado Law School from 1988-1995 as well as dean of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Law from 1999 to 2005. He previously worked at William and Mary as Cutler Professor of Constitutional Law and director of the Institute of Bill of Rights Law from 1985 to 1988. His other positions have included teaching law in the undergraduate and law schools of the University of Colorado, the University of Exeter, the University of Oxford, and West Virginia University. Nichol made a bid for the United States Senate representing the state of Colorado in 1996 with the Democratic Party, but was defeated in the primary. He also made a bid for the U.S. House of Representatives and was again defeated.

Contents 1 Athletic logo and the NCAA 2 Gateway William & Mary program 3 Wren Cross controversy 4 Sex Workers' Art Show controversy 5 Resignation 6 References 7 External links

[edit] Athletic logo and the NCAA

As president of The College of William & Mary, Nichol was forced by the NCAA to drop the College's feathers from its logo after a lengthy appeals process. The College was allowed to retain the team name of "Tribe" until the next NCAA review.^[3] While several schools, including the University of North Dakota and the University of Illinois have been forced to abandon their mascots, others, such as the University of Utah and Florida State University, were allowed to keep their Native American-based logos. The College administration disputed the NCAA decision, but ultimately agreed to the restrictions.

[edit] Gateway William & Mary program

One of the first initiatives Gene Nichol undertook as president was the "Gateway William & Mary" program.^[4] It is a financial aid program that is "[d]esigned for women and men whose academic promise exceeds their economic means, the program will provide a combination of institutional, state and federal grants for low- and middle-income students who have the desire to attend a world-class university without incurring debt."^[5] Though not explicitly stated as an intended goal of the program, it has been unofficially recognized as a capable tool for helping William & Mary diversify its student body population. Typically the students who receive aid from the Gateway William & Mary initiative are minorities. The College invests an excess of $4 million per year in Gateway's financial aid fund.^[4]

[edit] Wren Cross controversy

Nichol's October 2006 decision to change a long-standing university policy by removing a cross from permanent display on the altar of the Chapel in the Wren Building ended his first year as president in controversy. He explained that a cross in the chapel of a public university made some students of other religious traditions feel unwelcome in a place considered by the community to be an important part of campus.^[6]

Under the new policy, the cross would only be displayed in the chapel during Christian religious services, or upon request, in an effort to make the space more welcoming to groups of mixed faith. After complaints were made, Nichol amended the policy so that the cross would be displayed on Sundays, and other Christian days of observance.

Nichol became the target of criticism from a number of alumni, students, and benefactors for changing this policy. Nichol stated that he had received "several complaints," from students and parents because the College frequently holds student organization meetings in the Chapel.

Due to this decision, alumnus James McGlothlin revoked $12 million he had planned on giving to the College's capital campaign.^[7]

Stories had surfaced that Nichol knew of the revoked donation before he announced that the Fund for William and Mary met its $500 million fundraising goal. McGlothlin's rescinding of the pledge pushed the fundraising back under $500 million, and he had revealed to former President Timothy J. Sullivan in an e-mail that he would take back the pledge. In response, Sullivan wrote:

I would like to make it clear to everyone in the William & Mary community that since I left the College everything I have learned which might assist the College or protect her from harm has been communicated to the College administration verbally or by e-mail.^[8]

– Timothy J. Sullivan

Nichol denied knowing about the revoked pledge before the announcement that the fundraising goal had been reached.^[9] The College initially refused to release the e-mail between Nichol and Sullivan, but capitulated to several FOIA requests. The e-mail read:

Dear Nick,
Greetings from London where we are having a great holiday. I hope things are well with you, Glenn and the girls. I need to tell you about a recent communication from Jim McGlothlin. As you know I have been working hard with Taylor toward a 12 Million dollar gift from Jim to the Law School. I felt that we were making good progress and moving toward closure, but I talked to Jim who is very upset and angry about the Wren cross, and is not prepared to give any more money at this time because he is so upset about the removal of the cross from the Chapel. I am not sure that I can do anything more to help you with Jim. He is very angry. I have said from the time that you became president that I would help you with anything that you needed, and I was prepared to talk about anything with you. We have not spoken (absolutely you're right) but I could have told you where this decision would go. I will do anything that you can think of that would help you at this time — but I have to say that I am so sorry that William and Mary has come to this place.

– Best,
Tim^[10]

After months of controversy, which saw conservative commentators and national conservative political figures speak against the decision, Nichol established a presidential committee to explore the issue. Comprising students, faculty, staff, and alumni, the committee was charged with examining the "role of religion in a public university" in general, and at William & Mary in particular. The committee focused its efforts toward resolving the Wren Cross controversy.^[11]

On March 6, 2007, William & Mary announced that the committee had recommended that the cross be returned to Wren Chapel as an artifact displayed in a glass case, with a plaque explaining the College's Anglican heritage and historical connection to Bruton Parish Church. Nichol and the Board of Visitors agreed to the recommendation in a press conference. In addition, the chapel sacristy would continue to be available to store religious symbols of any faith, which may be brought into the chapel as appropriate.^[12]

[edit] Sex Workers' Art Show controversy

Additional controversy followed Nichol after allowing the Sex Workers' Art Show to proceed to campus on February 4, 2008. The tour visits college campuses and other venues across the country. While personally expressing his displeasure with the content of the student-funded show, Nichol felt censoring the performance would be inappropriate. He issued a statement saying, "The First Amendment and the defining traditions of openness that sustain universities are hallmarks of academic inquiry and freedom. It is the speech we disdain that often puts these principles to the test. The College of William & Mary will not knowingly and intentionally violate the constitutional rights of its students. Censorship has no place at a great university."^[13]

[edit] Resignation

After the Board of Visitors decided not to renew his three-year contract, which was set to expire on June 30, 2008, Nichol voluntarily resigned on February 12. Several weeks after his resignation he returned to teach at the University of North Carolina School of Law.^[14] Matt Marvin, a UNC Law School spokesperson, said that all of the controversy surrounding Nichol did not alarm them and that they welcome him back to the university.^[14]

In his resignation letter, Nichol claimed that the Board of Visitors had offered him money to stay silent on the supposed true reason he was fired, free speech. He also claimed members of the Board of Visitors had been threatened by legislators if they did not order his resignation, and that the Virginia government was unhappy with his efforts to diversify the student body and faculty. Nichol claimed that he was offered "substantial economic incentives" to not mention this as well.^[15][16] The Board of Visitors have denied these claims.^[17] Until a new president is decided upon, William & Mary Law School dean W. Taylor Reveley, III has been named as the interim president of the College.^[18]

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Website devoted to returning the Wren Cross for display
• YouTube: An assortment of videos of Nichol
• Gateway William & Mary program FAQs

Preceded by Timothy J. Sullivan

President of William & Mary 2005 – 2008

Succeeded by W. Taylor Reveley, III (interim)