Ganglioside galactosyltransferase

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In enzymology, a ganglioside galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.62) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-1,4- beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine $\rightleftharpoons$ UDP + D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N- acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine

The 3 substrates of this enzyme are UDP-galactose, N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-1,4-, and beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine, whereas its 3 products are UDP, D-galactosyl-1,3-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-, and acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine.

This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-galactose:N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galac tosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine beta-1,3-D-galactosyltransferase. Other names in common use include UDP-galactose-ceramide galactosyltransferase, uridine diphosphogalactose-ceramide galactosyltransferase, UDP galactose-LAC Tet-ceramide alpha-galactosyltransferase, UDP-galactose-GM2 galactosyltransferase, uridine diphosphogalactose-GM2 galactosyltransferase, uridine diphosphate D-galactose:glycolipid galactosyltransferase, UDP-galactose:N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl), galactosyl-glucosyl-ceramide galactosyltransferase, UDP-galactose-GM2 ganglioside galactosyltransferase, and GM1-synthase. This enzyme participates in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis - ganglioseries and glycan structures - biosynthesis 2.

[edit] References

IUBMB entry for 2.4.1.62
BRENDA references for 2.4.1.62 (Recommended.)
PubMed references for 2.4.1.62
PubMed Central references for 2.4.1.62
Google Scholar references for 2.4.1.62
Basu S, Kaufman B, Roseman S (1965). "Conversion of Tay-Sachs ganglioside to monosialoganglioside by brain uridine diphosphate D-galactose: glycolipid galactosyltransferase". J. Biol. Chem. 240: 4115–7. PMID 5842076.
Yip GB, Dain JA (1970). "The enzymic synthesis of ganglioside. II. UDP-galactose: N-acetylgalactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)galactosyl-glucosyl-ceram ide galactosyltransferase in rat brain". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 206: 252–60. PMID 4987145.
Yip MC, Dain JA (1970). "Frog brain uridine diphosphate galactose-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-N-acetylneuraminylgalactosylglucosy lceram ide galactosyltransferase". Biochem. J. 118: 247–52. PMID 5484669.