Galician gaita
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The (Galician) gaita or gaita de fole is a traditional bagpipe used in Galicia (Spain), and Portugal.
The name gaita is used in Galician, Spanish, Asturian and Portuguese as a generic term for "bagpipe".
Just like "Northumbrian smallpipe"' or "Great Highland Bagpipe", each country and region attributes its toponym to the respective gaita name: gaita galega (Galicia), gaita trasmontana (Trás-os-Montes), gaita asturiana (Asturias), gaita sanabresa (Sanabria), sac de gemecs (Catalonia), gaita de boto or gaita aragonesa (Aragón), etc. Most of them have a conical chanter with a partial second octave, obtained by overblowing, in the same way as e.g. the Eastern European gaida. Folk groups playing these instruments have become popular in recent years, and pipe bands for some models.
The word could be derived from -or at least related to- the Latin "caetras", or "gaethas", an instrument attributed to the Callaeci, a Celt tribe in the Iberian Roman Province of Gallaecia, by Silius Italicus:
- Fibrarum et pennae divinarumque sagacem
- flammarum misit dives Callaecia pubem,
- barbara nunc patriis ululantem carmina linguis,
- nunc pedis alterno percussa verbere terra,
- ad numerum resonas gaudentem plauder caetras. (book III.344-7)
- "Rich Gallaecia sent its youths, wise in the knowledge of divination by the entrails of beasts, by feathers and flames— who, now crying out the barbarian song of their native tongue, now alternately stamping the ground in their rhythmic dances until the ground rang, and accompanying the playing with sonorous caetras" (or gaethas, bagpipes).
It is also possible, however, that the name originates with the ghaita (also spelled rhaita in Morocco and algaita in Niger) a North African oboe similar to the zurna whose name derives from an Arabic word meaning "farm,", and/or the Eastern European bagpipes bearing similar names, such as gaida, gajda, and gajdy, but the linguistic relationship, if any, between these instruments is still unclear.
The word gaita might also be derived, according to Joan Corominas, from a Gothic root meaning goat (gait or gata), as the bag is a whole, case-skinned goat hide; Gothic was spoken in Spain as late as the eighth century due to Visigothic invasions.
[edit] The instrument
The Galician gaita has a conical chanter and a bass drone (ronco) with a second octave. It may have one or two additional drones playing the tonic and dominant notes. Three keys are traditional: D (gaita grileira, lit. "cricket bagpipe"), C, and Bb. Galician pipe bands playing these instruments have become popular in recent years.
The playing of close harmony (thirds and sixths) with two gaitas of the same key is a typical Galacian gaita style.
[edit] Famous Galician gaita players
- Pablo Carpintero
- Avelino Cachafeiro
- Perfecto Feijoo
- Os Campaneiros
- Moxenas
- Os Rosales
- Mike de Conéricut
- Edelmiro Fernández Parada
- Juanjo Fernández
- Pepe Temprano
- Carlos Núñez
- Xosé Manuel Budiño
- Cristina Pato
- Susana Seivane
- José Ángel Hevia Velasco
