Gabrio Serbelloni

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Gabriele Serbelloni, better known as Gabrio Serbelloni (also Gabrio Cerbellon in Spanish), (1509-January, 1580) was a distinguished Italian general in the service of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire.

A noble by birth (his family was and still is among the noblest in Milan), he achieved an even higher status through his military accomplishments.

As a lieutenant to his cousin, the condottiero Gian Giacomo Medici, marquess of Musso (CO) (nicknamed il Medeghino and not a relative of the Medici family of Florence), in the fall of 1531 Gabrio Serbelloni fought against the Sforza militias and the imperial forces of Charles V, late to become his lord and employer; a few weeks later, he took part in the defence of Lecco together with Niccolò Pelliccione. Later on still he followed his cousin in exile into Piedmont, in the service of the duke of Savoy. At the end of 1536, we find him imprisoned along with Gian Giacomo in the Castello Sforzesco of Milan as suspect of being an accomplice to the rebel Lodovico da Birago. After that he offered his services to the Holy Roman Empire and fought in Hungary. With 300 infantrymen at his command, in 1542 Serbelloni distinguished himself against the Ottoman Turks in the defence of Strigonium (Esztergom). Four years later he rejoined his cousin Gian Giacomo Medici to fight against the Protestant coalition in Germany; he was now a general in the artillery corps fighting against the Duke of Saxony.

Still with 300 men on foot in 1551 he was sent by Ferrante Gonzaga to defend Asti against the French; he conquered the town of Saluzzo and was appointed as its governor. Always with his fierce cousin, he commanded the Florentine artillery in the cruel war for Siena in 1554; the nexy year in the summer he first took by assault Porto Ercole fortress after a four-day artillery barrage, then with 700 German Landsknechts he defended Populonia against a Turkish sea-bourne assault, receiving support from the Florentine cavalry.

After serving as overseer of the fortresses for duke Cosimo II de' Medici, Serbelloni's career skyrocketed when another of his cousins was elected Pope as Pius IV. He was now (1559) Captain General of the Papal Guard, Governor of Borgo and overseer for all the fortresses of the Apostolic See; he was especially active in rebuilding Civitavecchia, touring the whole of the Papal States in his duty, After the Pope's death, he entered the service of Philip II of Spain, who employed him in the same tasks in the Spanish-held kingdom of Naples. Serbelloni entered the ranks of Knights of Malta, sending troops to help break the Turkish siege and organizing naval raids against the Muslims. After receiving the title of prior of Hungary, Serbelloni oversaw the reconstruction of the Maltese fortifications damaged or destroyed under the Turkish assault, and acted as middle-man between Jean de la Vallette, his order's Grand Master, and the viceroy of Sicily, don Garcia de Toledo.

In 1567 Serbelloni followed the Spanish armies into Belgium under the Duke of Alva during the repression of the Flemish revolt, being appointed twice as governor of Antwerp. A man of arms to his marrow, he took part in the historic Battle of Lepanto. Later made viceroy of Sicily, Serbelloni captured Tunis in 1573. The following year Ottoman forces under the command of Sinan Pasha besieged and eventually took Tunis; Serbelloni was humiliated, dragged by his beard to ask for mercy on his knees to the conqueror, as many of his surviving men were slain. He had then to physically work to restore the fortifications. Brought in Constantinople as an important prisoner, he was ransomed in 1575 by the Venetian ambassador Antonio Tiepolo under a PoW exchange. He was thus able to come back to his Milan through Ragusa and Naples. His last military campaign was against the Flemish and Dutch rebels: he took part in the Spanish capture of Maastricht in 1578.