Gévaudan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Coat of arms of lordship and county of Gévaudan

Gévaudan is an historical area of France, nowadays situated in Lozère département. It took its name from the Gabali, a Gallic tribe subordinate to the Arverni.

[edit] History

After the conquest, the Romans preserved the capital city of the Gabali, Anderitum, which they renamed Gabalum and is nowadays called Javols.

In the early Middle Ages Gévaudan was known as Pagus Gabalum and was placed under the rule of the Count of Toulouse. In 1096 the Count of Toulouse, leaving for the Crusade, transmitted his rights on the eastern part of Gévaudan to the Bishop of Mende.

In the beginning of the 10th century, Mende had supplanted Javols as religious and administrative capital of the Gévaudan. The western part of Gévaudan constituted the Viscounty of Grèzes.

In the 11th century Adalbert, Bishop of Mende, decided to take advantage of the lack of interest of the nominal rulers of Gévaudan to increase his personal power. Louis VII of France granted him temporal power over the region by the Golden Bull of Gévaudan (Bulle royale du Gévaudan). Therefore, Gévaudan was the first Occitan-speaking country to acknowledge the nominal suzerainty of the king of France.

Gévaudan was divided into eight baronies which were in constant rebellion against the Bishop of Mende.

According to the 1307 peerage the Bishop of Mende was granted the title of count of Gévaudan and could mint coins and dispense lower justice.

Although being nominally part of Languedoc, Gévaudan kept its own States General until 1789. During the same period, Gévaudan was a crossroad of pilgrimage trails.

In the beginning of the 16th century Gévaudan was extremely wealthy, but the religious wars ruined the country. The Protestants settled in the city around 1550.

The area was victim to a series of vicious attacks in the 18th century by an unidentified beast.

As many other areas in France, Gévaudan was bled dry during the two World Wars.