Futa Helu
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Western Philosophy 20th-century philosophy |
|
|---|---|
| Name |
ʻIlaisa Futa-ʻi-Haʻangana Helu
|
| Birth | 17 June 1934 |
| Death | still alive |
| School/tradition | |
| Main interests | Political philosophy, Ethics |
Futa Helu (1934-…) is a Tongan philosopher, historian, and educator whose influence is felt throughout the Pacific. He studied philosophy under the Australian empiricist John Anderson and in 1963 launched an educational institute named ʻAtenisi (Tongan for Athens, to pay homage to the ancient Greek philosophers, Herakleitos in particular). The institute began as a continuing education programme for civil servants, then added a high school in 1970 and university in 1975.
Contents |
[edit] Life
Helu was born on 17 June 1934 in the village of Lotofoa on the island of Foa in the Haʻapai archipelago in the (Polynesian) Kingdom of Tonga. Helu, in fact, is a minor chiefly title, carrying the task of managing both the people and land of the village. In Haʻapai, Futa was a bright, although headstrong, student. In 1947 he was selected to be part of the founding class of the newly established Tonga high school sited in Tonga’s capital, the school being a project of a promising Crown Prince who would accede to the throne as Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV in 1967.
Between 1956 and 1961 Helu studied overseas at the University of Sydney, focusing on philosophy, English literature, mathematics and physics. Back in Tonga he did not become – as one might have expected – a government bureaucrat, but held himself out as tutor to those having trouble keeping up at school. His way of teaching soon became famous, and many Tongans who are now important figures claim he instilled a love of learning that impelled their careers.
ʻAtenisi Institute was initially a downtown night school providing continuing education for civil servants. In 1966 Helu registered it with the government and a year later leased a 16 hectare parcel in Halaano, a western district in the Tongan capital of Nukuʻalofa. The parcel is, in fact, below sea level and students often speak of the swampus instead of the campus. In 1975 a small university was added, with the first bachelor of arts degrees being awarded in 1980, joined a few years later by bachelor of science degrees. By the 1990s, some Master of Arts – and even a Ph.D. degree – were awarded in collaboration with universities in Australia and New Zealand.
Dr. Helu not only administered his institute but – like Thomas Jefferson at the University of Virginia in early 19th century America – designed its classrooms, laboratories, and libraries, often in classical style. Whilst small contractors were, of course, employed in ʻAtenisi’s construction, in the early days its director was not above roofing a new building after class.
In 1992 Dr. Helu joined Tonga’s Catholic bishop, Patelisio P. Fīnau, in sponsoring a conference that advocated Tonga’s transition from a feudal to parliamentary monarchy. Not only did the Government resist this call but it punished ‘Atenisi for its advocacy by thenceforth refusing to employ its university graduates, a severe penalty in the developing world. The boycott was lifted after the accession of a commoner prime minister in 2006 and the Government’s concession to democratic principle.
Until her death in April 2008, Dr. Helu was married to Kaloni Schaaf; the union produced six children and numerous grandchildren. Two daughters have distinguished themselves in the performing arts – Sisiʻuno Helu, founding director of ʻAtenisi’s performing arts troupe and orchestra, has staged Tongan faiva and spirited excerpts from Italian opera on tours of the Pacific and the U.S., ʻAtolomake Helu has sung soprano in noted international venues, such as Sydney and Auckland Town Halls. A son, Niulala Helu, is currently lecturer in Tongan culture at the University of Auckland.
Dr. Helu is the author of several books, most importantly two books on Tongan culture, a monograph on Herakleitos, and a collection of essays regarding South Pacific culture. In 1999 the University of the South Pacific awarded him an honorary doctorate in literature. The scholar retired as institute director and dean of its university in 2007, replaced in the former post by his daughter Sisiʻuno and in the latter by Dr. Michael G. Horowitz, a U.S. sociologist who served as associate dean in the late ’90s. Dr. Helu retains the title of Professor Emeritus of Philosophy and Tongan Culture.
In retirement, Helu remains an authority on Tongan history, tradition, and education, and although not a politician himself, retains an influential voice in Tongan politics due to the vindication of his democratic advocacy.
[edit] ʻAtenisi institute
[edit] High school
In the early 1970s there were not many high schools in Tonga, and the few there were catered to either an economic or academic elite. To fill the gap, ʻAtenisi’s high school assumed a populist stance, offering inexpensive and innovative education. Yet academic standards were high – for example, whereas other schools settled for the modest New Zealand syllabus, ʻAtenisi choose the more challenging syllabus of New South Wales, Australia.
The 1970s were the school’s heyday, with over 400 students attending; however, the numbers began to fall in the ’90s in the face of diverse competition. By 2005 the situation became so pressing that school fees were no longer sufficient to cover costs. The school was, in fact, forced to close in 2006, but reopened in 2007 under revitalised leadership.
[edit] University
ʻAtenisi’s university is unique in being the only privately founded university in the Pacific, and therefore autonomous from any church or government. This is both an advantage and a disadvantage. The advantage is that the university can freely train critical thought, rather than compel students to conform to bureaucratic obedience or religious dogma. The disadvantage is that the university rarely receives funding from either source, which has usually condemned it to an austere budget solely supported by modest tuition fees.
Because the university regards method of thought to be its pedagogical priority, philosophy has always been considered its most important course; facility with the English language and appreciation of English literature remains a second key objective. In addition, the university continues to offer core courses in the natural sciences, social sciences, arts, and humanities. Because of its reputation for rigour, most ʻAtenisi students have always found it relatively easy to obtain scholarships to graduate schools in New Zealand, Australia and the U.S.
[edit] Performing Arts Foundation
As part of its arts curriculum, the institute offers courses in music performance, e.g., piano, violin, and voice. Many students also join AFPA: the ʻAtenisi Foundation for the Performing Arts. A small but well-equipped orchestra was established in 2000. Both AFPA and the orchestra regularly tour overseas.
[edit] The university’s uncertain future
In the early years of the university, its emphasis on methodology was popular with Tonga’s independent farmers: their sons might return to their modest plantations and display classical learning at weekend faikava (traditional kava circles). Yet with growing pressure for vocational success among Tonga’s urban middle class, only the most talented students remain attracted to ʻAtenisi’s classical credo. This has led to a decline in enrollment which, in the face of increasingly more viable tertiary training in Tonga and overseas, threatens the prospects of the small university that Futa Helu built.
[edit] References
- ʻI.F. Helu; Thinking in Tongan society; 1982
- ʻI.F. Helu; Fakahola talanoa: Ko e ngaahi lea ohi; 1985
- ʻI.F. Helu; Herakleitos of Ephesos; 1995
- ʻI.F. Helu; Critical essays: Cultural perspectives from the Southseas; 1999
- I. Campbell & E. Coxon (eds); Polynesian paradox: Essays to honour his 70th birthday; 2005
[edit] External links
- http://atenisi.edu.to/ Official website of ʻAtenisi institute
